The potential role of urbanization in the resistance to organophosphate insecticide in from Tunisia.

Objective: To examine the effects of urbanization on the resistance status of field populations of to organophosphate insecticide.

Methods: Bioassays and biochemical assays were conducted on Tunisian field populations of collected in four various areas differing in the degree of urbanization. Late third and early fourth larvae were used for bioassays with chlorpyrifos and adults mosquitoes for biochemical assays including esterase and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activities.

Evaluation of resistance to temephos insecticide in larvae collected from three districts of Tunisia.

Background: Mosquitoes are considered as the main groups of arthropods that cause nuisance and public health problems.

Objectives: Evaluation of resistance to temephos insecticide in larvae collected from three districts of Tunisia.

Methods: Late third and early fourth instars larvae of were collected in three localities of Northern and Southern Tunisia.

Resistance status to deltamethrin pyrethroid of (Diptera: Culicidae) collected from three districts of Tunisia.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine the susceptibility status of populations against deltamehtrin insecticide.

Methods: Larvae of were collected from three breeding places in Northern and Southern Tunisia between 2003 and 2005. Early third and late fourth instars were tested against deltamethrin pyrethroid insecticide.

Resistance development and insecticide susceptibility in , an important vector of human diseases, against selection pressure of temephos and its relationship to cross-resistance towards organophosphates and pyrethroids insecticides.

Background: is an important vector of human diseases.

Objective: To determine the insecticide resistance development in against selection pressure of temephos..

Resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in Culex pipiens pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tunisia.

Resistance toward 2 pyrethroïd insecticides (permethrin and deltamethrin), and an organochloric one (DDT) was analyzed in 18 samples of Culex pipiens pipiens common mosquitoes collected from different Tunisian areas between March 2002 and November 2005. Bioassays were performed over different larvae samples. The recorded mortalities, after 24h exposure to increased doses of insecticides, were compared to those obtained on a susceptible reference strain (S-LAB).