Prevalence of colistin resistance and antibacterial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from chickens: An assessment of the impact of regulatory intervention in South Africa.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem largely due to the overuse of antimicrobials. In recognition of this, the World Health Assembly in 2015 agreed on a global action plan to tackle AMR. Following the global emergence of the mcr-1-associated colistin resistance gene in the livestock industry in 2016, several countries including South Africa restricted the veterinary use of colistin as the gene threatens the clinical utility of the drug.

Do Pathogenic Isolated from in South Africa Carry Co-Resistance Toward Colistin and Carbapenem Antimicrobials?

Colistin and carbapenems are critically important antimicrobials often used as a last resort to manage multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in humans. With limited alternatives, resistance to these antimicrobials is of concern as organisms could potentially spread horizontally rendering treatments ineffective. The aim of this study was to investigate co-resistance to colistin and carbapenems among isolated from poultry in South Africa.

Antimicrobial resistance and gene in isolated from poultry samples submitted to a bacteriology laboratory in South Africa.

Background And Aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and recently mobilized colistin resistance () associated colistin resistance among isolates have been attributed to the overuse of antimicrobials in livestock production. remains an important pathogen, often associated with mortality and low carcass weight in poultry medicine; therefore, the need to use antimicrobials is common. The study aimed to determine the AMR profile and presence of and genes in avian pathogenic from poultry samples tested at a bacteriology laboratory for routine diagnosis.

Diclofenac toxicity in susceptible bird species results from a combination of reduced glomerular filtration and plasma flow with subsequent renal tubular necrosis.

Diclofenac caused the death of millions of vultures on the Asian subcontinent. Other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have since also been shown to be toxic to vultures with the exception of meloxicam. For this study, we evaluated the effect of diclofenac on renal uric acid transport and glomerulus filtration in an acute toxicity model.

Morphological and histochemical changes in the dromedary camel epididymis in relation to reproductive activity.

Environmental conditions such as temperature, light and food availability are known to influence the physiological status of animals. The male dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) is considered as a seasonal breeder with maximal sexual activity during certain period of the year followed by a decrease in activity during the remaining period. On the other hand, the male camel is also shown as an atypical seasonal breeder because this does not undergo sexual quiescence with complete cessation of spermatogenesis.

Seasonal morphology and immunoreactivity of cytokeratin and atrial natriuretic peptide in dromedary camel poll glands.

Poll glands are characteristic feature of dromedary camels; although they yield a yellowish offensive secretion, especially during rutting (breeding) season, their function is not yet exactly specified. The present study shows the seasonal morphology and immunoreactivity of cytokeratin (CK) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the camel poll gland; the result could clearly specify the role of the gland in camel reproduction. Poll glands are compound tubulo-alveolar in structure.

Could the environmental toxicity of diclofenac in vultures been predictable if preclinical testing methodology were applied?

Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical agent was responsible for the death of millions of Gyps vulture's in the Indian sub-region with the safety of the other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) being questionable. With preclinical safety testing not well established for avian species unlike for mammalian and environmental toxicity, we ask the question if a preclinical model could have predicted the toxic effect of the drug. For this study, we test an Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline 223 for assessing the acute toxic potential of pesticides in birds by exposing three avian species to the drug.

Histological and morphometric studies on the dromedary camel epididymis in relation to reproductive activity.

The reproductive efficiency of male dromedary camels under natural conditions is regarded to be low due to a relatively short breeding season and a long prepubertal period. This study was carried out to investigate the histological and morphometric changes in the Sudanese dromedary camel epididymis in relation to the breeding (rutting) and non-breeding (non-rutting) seasons at monthly intervals up to one year. Specimens were collected from different regions of the epididymis of 48 mature and healthy Sudanese male camels slaughtered at Tambul slaughter house in central Sudan.