Clinical judgment shows similar and sometimes superior discrimination compared to prognostic clinical prediction models. A systematic review.

Objectives: To systematically review the comparative statistical performance (discrimination and /or calibration) of prognostic clinical prediction models (CPMs) and clinician judgment (CJ).

Study Design And Setting: We conducted a systematic review of observational studies in PubMed, Medline, Embase, and CINAHL. Eligible studies reported direct statistical comparison between prognostic CPMs and CJ.

Smartphone App for Prehospital ECG Transmission in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Activation: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Timely diagnosis and treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) requires a coordinated response from multiple providers. Rapid intervention is key to reducing mortality and morbidity. Activation of the cardiac catheterization laboratory may occur through verbal communication and may also involve the secure sharing of electrocardiographic images between frontline health care providers and interventional cardiologists.

What's the harm? Results of an active surveillance adverse event reporting system for chiropractors and physiotherapists.

This prospective, community-based, active surveillance study aimed to report the incidence of moderate, severe, and serious adverse events (AEs) after chiropractic (n = 100) / physiotherapist (n = 50) visit in offices throughout North America between October-2015 and December-2017. Three content-validated questionnaires were used to collect AE information: two completed by the patient (pre-treatment [T0] and 2-7 days post-treatment [T2]) and one completed by the provider immediately post-treatment [T1]. Any new or worsened symptom was considered an AE and further classified as mild, moderate, severe or serious.

Proton-Pump Inhibitors to Prevent Gastrointestinal Bleeding - An Updated Meta-Analysis.

Background: The goal of this systematic review was to examine the efficacy and safety of proton-pump inhibitors for stress ulcer prophylaxis in critically ill patients.

Methods: We included randomized trials comparing proton-pump inhibitors versus placebo or no prophylaxis in critically ill adults, performed meta-analyses, and assessed certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. To explore the effect of proton-pump inhibitors on mortality based on disease severity, a subgroup analysis was conducted combining within-trial subgroup data from the two largest trials and assessed credibility using the Instrument for Assessing the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses.

Implementation, Clinical Benefit and Safety of a D-Dimer-Focused Pulmonary Embolism Testing Pathway in the Emergency Department.

Study Objective: Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is overused during pulmonary embolism (PE) testing in the emergency department (ED), whereas prediction rules and D-dimer are underused. We report the adherence, clinical benefit, and safety of a D-dimer-only strategy to guide need for PE imaging in the ED.

Methods: This was a prospective multicenter implementation study in 2 EDs with historical and external controls.

Proton pump inhibitors for gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in critically ill patients: A systematic review protocol.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most commonly prescribed drugs for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. However, concerns have arisen about the possible harms of using PPIs, including potentially increased risk of pneumonia, Clostridioides difficile infection, and more seriously, an increased risk of death in the most severely ill patients. Triggered by the REVISE trial, which is a forthcoming large randomized trial comparing pantoprazole to placebo in invasively mechanically ventilated patients, we will conduct this systematic review to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PPIs versus no prophylaxis for critically ill patients.

Doppler identified venous congestion in septic shock: protocol for an international, multi-centre prospective cohort study (Andromeda-VEXUS).

Introduction: Venous congestion is a pathophysiological state where high venous pressures cause organ oedema and dysfunction. Venous congestion is associated with worse outcomes, particularly acute kidney injury (AKI), for critically ill patients. Venous congestion can be measured by Doppler ultrasound at the bedside through interrogation of the inferior vena cava (IVC), hepatic vein (HV), portal vein (PV) and intrarenal veins (IRV).

Effect of low dose denosumab on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis after a transition from 60 mg dose: a prospective observational study.

Introduction: Denosumab is an effective antiresorptive molecule and reduces the risk of fracture in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Cessation of denosumab therapy however is associated with rapid declines in bone mineral density (BMD), rises in bone remodeling, and an increased risk of fracture. We evaluated the effect of low dose denosumab (30 mg every 6 months) on the prevention of bone loss following a switch from standard dose (60 mg of denosumab every 6 months) in a prospective observational study.

Comparison of YEARS and Adjust-Unlikely D-dimer Testing for Pulmonary Embolism in the Emergency Department.

Study Objective: We prospectively assessed the diagnostic accuracy of YEARS and a modified age-adjusted clinical decision rule ("Adjust-Unlikely") for pulmonary embolism (PE) testing in the emergency department.

Methods: This study was conducted in tertiary care Canadian emergency departments. When the D-dimer was <500 ng/ml, PE was excluded.

The Hospital at Home Model vs Routine Hospitalization for Acute Heart Failure: A Survey of Patients' Preferences.

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) experience recurrent hospitalizations and may prefer a Hospital at Home (HaH) model over routine hospitalization.

Methods: We administered a 9-item questionnaire on perceived effectiveness, safety, convenience, and acceptability of a HaH model among patients hospitalized for HF at 2 academic hospitals in Ontario. The primary outcome was HaH care acceptability, defined as a preference for or neutrality to HaH care over routine hospitalization.

Variability in How Canadian Pediatric Weight Management Clinics Deliver Care: Evidence from the CANadian Pediatric Weight Management Registry.

Clinical practice guidelines for pediatric weight management highlight the importance of family-based behavioral strategies to enhance health behaviors. Little is known, however, of how clinics implement these programs. The study objectives were to (1) describe how Canadian pediatric weight management clinics deliver care and (2) evaluate change in services over time.

The Canadian Alliance for Healthy Hearts and Minds: How Well Does It Reflect the Canadian Population?

Background: The intent of the Canadian Alliance for Healthy Hearts and Minds (CAHHM) cohort is to understand the early determinants of subclinical cardiac and vascular disease and progression in adults selected from existing cohorts-the Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow's Health, the Prospective Urban and Rural Evaluation (PURE) cohort, and the Montreal Heart Institute Biobank. We evaluated how well the CAHHM-Health Services Research (CAHHM-HSR) subcohort reflects the Canadian population.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used among a prospective cohort of community-dwelling adults aged 35-69 years who met the CAHHM inclusion criteria, and a cohort of adults aged 35-69 years who responded to the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Rapid Response module.

Global variations in the prevalence, treatment, and impact of atrial fibrillation in a multi-national cohort of 153 152 middle-aged individuals.

Aims: To compare the prevalence of electrocardiogram (ECG)-documented atrial fibrillation (or flutter) (AF) across eight regions of the world, and to examine antithrombotic use and clinical outcomes.

Methods And Results: Baseline ECGs were collected in 153 152 middle-aged participants (ages 35-70 years) to document AF in two community-based studies, spanning 20 countries. Medication use and clinical outcome data (mean follow-up of 7.

Drug treatments for covid-19: living systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare the effects of treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19).

Design: Living systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Data Sources: WHO covid-19 database, a comprehensive multilingual source of global covid-19 literature, up to 3 December 2021 and six additional Chinese databases up to 20 February 2021.

Comparison of two frailty identification tools for critically ill patients: A post-hoc analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Purpose: We aimed to describe the association of two frailty screening tools, the validated Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score and the recently described modified Frailty Index (mFI) in critically ill patients.

Materials And Methods: We performed a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter cohort of patients admitted to six Canadian Intensive Care Units (ICU) between 2010 and 2011. Frailty was screened using the CFS and the mFI.

Efficacy and safety of antiviral treatment for COVID-19 from evidence in studies of SARS-CoV-2 and other acute viral infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Antiviral medications are being given empirically to some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To support the development of a COVID-19 management guideline, we conducted a systematic review that addressed the benefits and harms of 7 antiviral treatments for COVID-19.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed and 3 Chinese databases (CNKI, WANFANG and SinoMed) through Apr.

Variability in deceased donor care in Canada: a report of the Canada-DONATE cohort study.

Purpose: Canadian donor management practices have not been reported. Our aim was to inform clinicians and other stakeholders about the range of current practices.

Methods: This prospective observational cohort study enrolled consecutive, newly consented organ donors from August 1 2015 to July 31 2018 at 27 academic and five community adult intensive care units in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, and Quebec.

Correction: The association between temperature, rainfall and humidity with common climate-sensitive infectious diseases in Bangladesh.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Relationship between diet and acculturation among South Asian children living in Canada.

Introduction: Diet and South Asian ethnicity are both associated with early onset of cardiovascular risk factors. Among youth of South Asian origin, little is known about the role of culture in determining healthy dietary patterns. We aimed to assess dietary patterns and their relationships with acculturation to Western and traditional lifestyles among South Asian youth in Canada.

Obesity class versus the Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics to define health risk in childhood obesity: results from the CANPWR cross-sectional study.

Background: Disease severity in paediatric obesity is usually defined using the body-mass index (BMI). Although informative at the population level, its usefulness on an individual level has limitations. The use of a clinical staging system-Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics (EOSS-P)-in identifying health risk has been proposed.

Publisher Correction: Pathways to eating in children and adolescents with obesity.

In the original version of this Article the following were listed as authors; however, they should have only been referred to in the Acknowledgments section and not listed in this way.