Web-based prognostic tools for oral tongue cancer: An analysis of online predictors.

Background: Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) often presents with aggressive clinical behaviour that may require multimodality treatment based on reliable prognostication. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic ability of five online web-based tools to predict the clinical behaviour of OTSCC resection and biopsy samples.

Methods: A total of 135 OTSCC resection cases and 33 OTSCC biopsies were included to predict recurrence and survival.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Effect of tobacco and alcohol on cancer location.

Introduction: The underlying factors of oral squamous cell cancers (OSCC) have been elucidated, but studies have focused little on etiological differences in affected oral cavity sites. The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the role of carcinogen exposure in OSCC of different oral cavity areas.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with primary OSCC was conducted retrospectively, based on patient records from Helsinki University Hospital, Finland, between January 2016 and December 2020.

Pediatric odontogenic keratocyst and early diagnosis of Gorlin syndrome: Clinicopathological aids.

Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are a common presentation in almost all patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) or Gorlin syndrome, irrespective of race. In most patients with NBCCS, OKC presents as multiple lesions affecting the jaws which makes it a signpost for the investigation of patients with the syndrome. In approximately 40% of pediatric patients, the initial presentation is that of a single OKC, which may often result in missing the diagnosis of NBCCS.

From complexity to clarity: unravelling tumor heterogeneity through the lens of tumor microenvironment for innovative cancer therapy.

Despite the tremendous clinical successes recorded in the landscape of cancer therapy, tumor heterogeneity remains a formidable challenge to successful cancer treatment. In recent years, the emergence of high-throughput technologies has advanced our understanding of the variables influencing tumor heterogeneity beyond intrinsic tumor characteristics. Emerging knowledge shows that drivers of tumor heterogeneity are not only intrinsic to cancer cells but can also emanate from their microenvironment, which significantly favors tumor progression and impairs therapeutic response.

Expression Patterns of ER, PR, HER-2/neu and p53 in Association with Nottingham Tumour Grade in Breast Cancer Patients.

Objectives: Recent molecular studies show that breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, and several molecular changes may accumulate over time to influence treatment response. As a result, employing reliable molecular biomarkers to monitor these modifications may help deliver personalised treatment. However, this may be unrealistic in the resource-limited parts of the world.

Phytochemicals and bioactive compounds effective against acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review.

This systematic review identified various bioactive compounds which have the potential to serve as novel drugs or leads against acute myeloid leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy that arises from the dysregulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. The risk factors associated with the onset of AML include long-term exposure to radiation and chemicals such as benzene, smoking, genetic disorders, blood disorders, advancement in age, and others.

Heterogeneity and versatility of the extracellular matrix during the transition from pleomorphic adenoma to carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma: cumulative findings from basic research and new insights.

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland tumor, accounting for 50%-60% of these neoplasms. If untreated, 6.2% of PA may undergo malignant transformation to carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA).

Tertiary lymphoid structures associate with improved survival in early oral tongue cancer.

Background: The clinical significance of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) is not well-documented in early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).

Methods: A total of 310 cases of early (cT1-2N0) OTSCC were included in this multicenter study. Assessment of TLSs was conducted on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections.

Gingival and alveolar ridge overgrowths: A histopathological evaluation from Saudi Arabia.

Background: Focal tissue overgrowths on the gingiva and edentulous alveolar ridge are occasionally perplexing to periodontists, owing to the wide variety of differential diagnoses that may be responsible. As such, biopsy and microscopy are often required to establish a definitive diagnosis. The present study aimed to retrospectively evaluate focal gingival and alveolar ridge overgrowths at a single institution in Saudi Arabia.

Distribution and Frequency of Salivary Gland Tumours: An International Multicenter Study.

Background: Salivary gland tumours (SGT) are a relatively rare group of neoplasms with a wide range of histopathological appearance and clinical features. To date, most of the epidemiological studies on salivary gland tumours are limited for a variety of reason including being out of date, extrapolated from either a single centre or country studies, or investigating either major or minor glands only.

Methods: This study aimed to mitigate these shortcomings by analysing epidemiological data including demographic, anatomical location and histological diagnoses of SGT from multiple centres across the world.

The Practicality of the Use of Liquid Biopsy in Early Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring of Oral Cancer in Resource-Limited Settings.

An important driving force for precision and individualized medicine is the provision of tailor-made care for patients on an individual basis, in accordance with best evidence practice. Liquid biopsy(LB) has emerged as a critical tool for the early diagnosis of cancer and for treatment monitoring, but its clinical utility for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires more research and validation. Hence, in this review, we have discussed the current applications of LB and the practicality of its routine use in Africa; the potential advantages of LB over the conventional "gold-standard" of tissue biopsy; and finally, practical considerations were discussed in three parts: pre-analytic, analytic processing, and the statistical quality and postprocessing phases.

Emerging histopathologic markers in early-stage oral tongue cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Although there are many histopathologic prognosticators, grading of early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is still based on morphological cell differentiation which has low prognostic value. Here we summarize the emerging histopathological markers showing powerful prognostic value, but are not included in pathology reports. Using PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline, and Web of Science databases, a systematic literature search was preformed to identify early OTSCC studies that investigated the prognostic significance of hematoxylin-eosin-based histopathologic markers.

Utilizing Deep Machine Learning for Prognostication of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Systematic Review.

The application of deep machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has become a growing area of interest in predictive medicine in recent years. The deep machine learning approach has been used to analyze imaging and radiomics and to develop models that have the potential to assist the clinicians to make an informed and guided decision that can assist to improve patient outcomes. Improved prognostication of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) will greatly benefit the clinical management of oral cancer patients.

Understanding the Complex Milieu of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer Metastasis: New Insight Into the Roles of Transcription Factors.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological program during which polarised, immobile epithelial cells lose connection with their neighbours and are converted to migratory mesenchymal phenotype. Mechanistically, EMT occurs a series of genetic and cellular events leading to the repression of epithelial-associated markers and upregulation of mesenchymal-associated markers. EMT is very crucial for many biological processes such as embryogenesis and ontogenesis during human development, and again it plays a significant role in wound healing during a programmed replacement of the damaged tissues.

Improving Risk Stratification of Early Oral Tongue Cancer with TNM-Immune (TNM-I) Staging System.

Although patients with early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) show better survival than those with advanced disease, there is still a number of early-stage cases who will suffer from recurrence, cancer-related mortality and worse overall survival. Incorporation of an immune descriptive factor in the staging system can aid in improving risk assessment of early OTSCC. A total of 290 cases of early-stage OTSCC re-classified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC 8) staging were included in this study.

Solitary submandibular soft tissue osteochondroma: A rare case report.

Introduction: Soft tissue osteochondromas are rare benign tumors containing bone and cartilage that form in mesenchymal tissues with no connection to adjacent bone, cartilage, or periosteum. They mimic endochondral ossification and are usually encased in a fibrous tissue capsule. The occurrence of the tumor is extremely rare in the maxillofacial region.

Sialolipoma of the Floor of the Mouth with Immunohistological Analysis.

Lipomas are relatively rare in the head and neck, and sialolipoma was described as an entity about 20 years ago as lipoma that entraps salivary gland tissue. Less than 10 cases have been described in the floor of the mouth not related to the major salivary glands. Here, we report a case of sialolipoma affecting the floor of the mouth in a 47-year-old patient and reviewed the clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of the lesion.

Biopsy quality is essential for preoperative prognostication in oral tongue cancer.

A role for incisional biopsy in preoperative prognostication is increasingly being advocated in oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (OTSCC). Biopsies at two locations were compared, and prognostic factors in biopsies and their corresponding resections were evaluated. A total of 138 OTSCC biopsy slides from Finland and Saudi Arabia were compared for size (horizontal and vertical) and invasive front.

Stromal categorization in early oral tongue cancer.

Stromal categorization has been used to classify many epithelial cancer types. We assessed the desmoplastic reaction and compared its significance with other stromal characteristics in early (cT1-2N0) oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). In this multi-institutional study, we included 308 cases treated for early OTSCC at five Finnish university hospitals or at the A.

The effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on dentoalveolar structures during orthodontic force application in diabetic ex-vivo model.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the dentoalveolar structures during orthodontic force application in ex-vivo model using mandible slice organ culture (MSOC) of diabetic rats.

Design: 18 male Wistar rats with a mean weight (275 g) were randomly divided into three main groups: 1) normal rats, 2) Insulin treated diabetic rats, and 3) diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by streptozotocin.

FAK, paxillin, and PI3K in ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.

Objective: Integrins function to bind cells to extracellular matrix in tissues, which triggers downstream signaling cascades that are important in cell survival, proliferation, cytokine activation, and cytoskeleton reorganization. These processes also play significant roles in neoplasms. This work aimed to investigate the pattern of expression of FAK, paxillin, and PI3K in ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT).

Histological characteristics of early-stage oral tongue cancer in young versus older patients: A multicenter matched-pair analysis.

Little is known about the histopathological characteristics that may differentiate early oral tongue cancer (OTSCC) between young and older patients. From a total of 311 cases diagnosed with clinically early-stage OTSCC at 6 institutions, only 42 patients were young patients were aged ≤45 years. For comparison, 42 patients >60 years old were matched for center of management, clinical stage and gender.