Protective effects of quercetin against tongue injury and oxidative stress triggered by irinotecan: a histopathological, biochemical and molecular study.

Introduction: About 80% of patients receiving chemotherapeutics suffer from side effects related to the gastrointestinal tract. Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a chemotherapeutic agent usually used in treating solid tumors. Quercetin (QRT), a bioflavonoid, is an antioxidant and scavenger reactive oxygen species scavenger.

Effect of Educational Nursing Guidelines on Self-management and Health-Related Quality of Life for Hemodialysis Patients.

Background: Chronic kidney disease is the biggest problem in health care today, and the primary replacement therapy, hemodialysis, has a severe impact on both self-management and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational nursing guidelines on self-management and health-related quality of life for hemodialysis patients.

Materials And Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used.

Ergonomics and health risk awareness of workers involved in manual material handling at Sabon Gari Market in Zaria, Nigeria.

This study assessed the manual handling of materials in a local market environment and evaluated workers' awareness of ergonomics and health risks. Of 315 workers surveyed, 308 responded. The findings revealed a high prevalence rate of 96.

Infection and ABO Blood Group Association Among Pregnant Sudanese Women: A Case Study.

Purpose: ABO blood group glycol-conjugate expression may influence human susceptibility to infection caused by . This study aimed to assess the relationship between blood group phenotypes as risk factors for toxoplasmosis and to correlate the prevalence of the disease with other risk factors.

Materials And Methods: A total of two-hundred serum samples were collected from pregnant women referred for routine rotary examination in Rabak Teaching Hospital, White Nile State, Sudan, and examined for the parasite using the latex agglutination test.

Carboxylated graphene oxide nanosheets as efficient electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors.

In the presence of dry ice, a series of graphitic materials with carboxylated edges (ECGs) were synthesized by ball milling graphite for varied times (24, 36, and 46 h). The influence of carboxylation on the physiochemical characteristics and electrochemical performance as effective electrodes for supercapacitors were assessed and compared with pure graphite. Several characterization techniques were employed to investigate into the morphology, texture, microstructure, and modification of the materials.

Malaria infection and associated risk factors in pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in Al Jabalian Locality, White Nile state, Sudan.

Pregnant women are more susceptible to malaria which is associated with adverse effects on pregnancy. It is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality in Sudan. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence rate of malaria in pregnant women.

Neuroprotective and antioxidant effect of Curcuma longa (Rhizome) methanolic extract on SH-SY5Y cells and Javanese medaka.

Diseases caused by oxidative stress can be prevented by antioxidant. Current treatments for those neurodegenerative diseases are not effective and cause many side effects. Thus, the search for alternative medicines is in high demand.

Cryptosporidium infection among hemodialysis patients attending to the dialysis center at Kosti Teaching Hospital, Sudan.

Cryptosporidiosis is an illness caused by a protozooan parasite Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium species are an opportunistic pathogens cause a diarrheal disease worldwide, and can be more severe in immunocompromized patients. Until now, a little data have been available on its prevalence rate among haemodialysis patients in Sudan.

Bisphosphonate-Induced Deterioration of Osteomalacia in Undiagnosed Adult Fanconi Syndrome.

We describe two women with a misdiagnosed fracturing bone disease who were treated erroneously with i.v. zoledronate.

Effect of using cinnamon oil encapsulated in maltodextrin as exogenous flavouring on flavour quality and stability of biscuits.

The flavour quality of biscuits could be lost during baking and storage. Therefor, the impact of using cinnamon essential oil (EO) encapsulated in maltodextrin (CO-MD), as exogenous flavour, on the flavour quality and stability of biscuits was evaluated. The results were compared with those of using cinnamon oil dissolved in propylene glycol (CO-PG), as a delivery solvent.

Three-dimensional hierarchical frameworks based on molybdenum disulfide-graphene oxide-supported magnetic nanoparticles for enrichment fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water.

Recently, water pollution caused by antibiotics is rapidly increasing. Thus, developing efficient, fast and sensitive detection methods for environmental antibiotics monitoring are still remaining elusive. Herein, a method for antibiotics analysis including lecofloxacin, pazcofloxacin and gatifloxacin in water by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using molybdenum disulfide-graphene oxide-supported magnetic nanoparticles (FeO/GO/MoS) as the adsorbent of magnetic solid-phase extraction was developed.

Sensitive and selective colorimetric nitrite ion assay using silver nanoparticles easily synthesized and stabilized by AHNDMS and functionalized with PABA.

Nitrite ions (NO ), as one of the important inorganic anions, exhibit considerable effects towards the environment and human health. Moreover, over intake of this anion may cause dangerous diseases. Herein, we successfully fabricated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using 4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-2, 7-disulphonic acid monosodium salt (AHNDMS) and functionalized them with -aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and used the functionalised AgNPs as a sensitive and selective colorimetric sensor for nitrite ions.

A simple yet sensitive colorimetric nitrite ions assay based on diazotization with p‑Aminobenzoic and coupling with phloroglucinol in acidic medium.

Immoderate intake of nitrite (NO) is deleterious human health and may result in causing dangerous diseases. In this study, nitrite detection system was successfully fabricated based on a unique diazo-coupling reaction of p‑Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and phloroglucinol (1, 3, 5‑trihydroxybenzene). Upon the presence of NO in an acid medium, p‑Aminobenzoic acid could not only form diazonium ion easily but also couple with p‑Aminobenzoic acid, and results forming yellow water-soluble azo dye that shows maximum absorption at 434 nm.

Adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum to its transmission environment.

Success in eliminating malaria will depend on whether parasite evolution outpaces control efforts. Here, we show that Plasmodium falciparum parasites (the deadliest of the species causing human malaria) found in low-transmission-intensity areas have evolved to invest more in transmission to new hosts (reproduction) and less in within-host replication (growth) than parasites found in high-transmission areas. At the cellular level, this adaptation manifests as increased production of reproductive forms (gametocytes) early in the infection at the expense of processes associated with multiplication inside red blood cells, especially membrane transport and protein trafficking.

Progress toward malaria elimination in Jazan Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: 2000-2014.

Background: The draft Global Technical Strategy for malaria aims to eliminate malaria from at least 10 countries by 2020. Yemen and Saudi Arabia remain the last two countries on the Arabian Peninsula yet to achieve elimination. Over the last 50 years, systematic efforts to control malaria in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has successfully reduced malaria cases to a point where malaria is now constrained largely to Jazan Province, the most south-western area along the Red Sea.

A study of microemulsions as prolonged-release injectables through in-situ phase transition.

Microemulsions (MEs) have been studied extensively as colloidal carriers for the delivery of both water-soluble and lipid-soluble drugs. Our previous study showed that addition of water to ME formulations resulted in phase transition to either liquid crystal (LC) or coarse emulsion (CE). The aim of this study was to investigate whether these MEs could be used as drug delivery vehicles for prolonged release through in-situ phase transition following extravascular injection.

Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium falciparum Field Isolates in Central Sudan Inferred by PCR Genotyping of Merozoite Surface Protein 1 and 2.

Background: Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum diversity is commonly achieved by amplification of the polymorphic regions of the merozoite surface proteins 1 (MSP1) and 2 (MSP2) genes.

Aims: The present study aimed to determine the allelic variants distribution of MSP1 and MSP2 and multiplicity of infection in P. falciparum field isolates from Kosti, central Sudan, an area characterized by seasonal malaria transmission.

Malaria infection by sporozoite challenge induces high functional antibody titres against blood stage antigens after a DNA prime, poxvirus boost vaccination strategy in Rhesus macaques.

Background: A DNA prime, poxvirus (COPAK) boost vaccination regime with four antigens, i.e. a combination of two Plasmodium knowlesi sporozoite (csp/ssp2) and two blood stage (ama1/msp142) genes, leads to self-limited parasitaemia in 60% of rhesus monkeys and survival from an otherwise lethal infection with P.

Community respiratory viruses as a cause of lower respiratory tract infections following suppressive chemotherapy in cancer patients.

Background And Purpose: Community respiratory viruses are an important cause of respiratory disease in the immunocompromised patients with cancer. To evaluate the occurrence and clinical significance of respiratory virus infections in hospitalized cancer patients at National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, during anticancer treatment, we studied cases that developed episodes of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).

Patients And Methods: Thirty patients with LRTI were studied clinically, radiologically, and microbiologically.

Evaluation of malaria parasite screening procedures among Sudanese blood donors.

Objective: To compare the standard microscopic examination, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the immunochromatography test (ICT) to determine the best method for screening blood donors for malaria parasites in Sudan.

Methods: A total of 100 blood donors were screened for malaria parasites by standard microscopic technique, ICT, and PCR Blood films were examined microscopically using standard Giemsa staining techniques. Qurum (Canadian Company) malaria kits were used to perform the ICT.