Studying the Bioactive Components and Phytochemicals of the Methanol Extract of Rhanterium epapposum Oliv.

Rhanterium epapposum Oliv. (locally known as Al-Arfaj) belongs to the family Asteraceae. This study was designed to discover the bioactive components and phytochemicals of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Rhanterium epapposum, using Agilent Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST08 L).

Salvia officinalis L. Methanolic Extract Reduces Lead and Nicotine-Induced Sperm Quality Degeneration in Male Rats.

Most heavy metals and industrial chemicals such as nicotine and lead cause harm to the reproduction process through a decrease in sperm motility, fertilization process, and sperm binding to the oocyte. Salvia officinalis L. (sage) has been reported to enhance serum testosterone levels and other certain biochemical enzymes.

Comparative GC-MS Analysis of Fresh and Dried Curcuma Essential Oils with Insights into Their Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities.

Species belonging to the Zingiberaceae family are of high nutritional, industrial, and medicinal values. In this study, we investigated the effect of processing steps (fresh vs. dried milled rhizomes) and extraction methodologies (hydrodistillation vs.

Assessment of Bioactive Phytochemicals and Utilization of Fruit Extract as a Novel Natural Antioxidant for Mayonnaise.

The oxidation of food emulsions causes rancidity, which reduces their shelf life. To prevent rancidity, synthetic antioxidants are widely used in the food industry. However, due to their potential health risks, researchers are exploring natural alternatives.

Ameliorative effect of methanolic extract of Tribulus terrestris L. on nicotine and lead-induced degeneration of sperm quality in male rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The use of herbal and medicinal plants to treat male infertility is well known in history. Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) belongs to the Zygophyllaceae family and it is used in folk medicine to vitalize and also improve both physical performance and sexual function in men in addition to the protective effect of the gross saponins of TT against ischemic stroke and its clinical anti-inflammatory property.

Pyrazoles containing thiophene, thienopyrimidine and thienotriazolopyrimidine as COX-2 selective inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, docking and in silico chemo-informatic studies.

New thiophene and annulated thiophene pyrazole hybrids were synthesized and screened for their in vitro COX-1/COX-2 enzymatic inhibition and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities. All compounds were more COX-2 selective inhibitors than COX-1 with compound 13 exhibiting the highest COX-2 selectivity index. Compounds 3, 6a, 9 and 11 were the most promising in the acute anti-inflammatory assay while compounds 3, 5, 6a, 6c, 9, 10, 11 and 13 exerted promising anti-inflammatory activity in the sub-acute anti-inflammatory assay.

Anti-inflammatory drug approach: Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compounds.

In this study, the acid chlorides of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compounds were prepared and reacted with a number of nucleophiles. The novel compounds were experimentally tested via enzyme assay and they showed cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition activity in the middle micro molar range (4b had a COX-1 IC of 26 µM and a COX-2 IC of 34 µM, 3b had a COX-1 IC of 19 µM and a COX-2 IC of 31 µM, 3a had a COX-2 IC of 42 µM). These compounds were analyzed via docking and were predicted to interact with some of the COX-2 key residues.

Synthesis, anti-inflammatory screening, molecular docking, and COX-1,2/-5-LOX inhibition profile of some novel quinoline derivatives.

New quinoline compounds comprising pyrazole scaffold through different amide linkages were synthesized. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Eight compounds (5c, 11b,c, 12c, 14a,b, 20a and 21a) were found to exhibit promising anti-inflammatory profiles in acute and sub-acute inflammatory models.

Effect of aqueous extract of tops of date palm leaves on blood glucose of diabetic rats.

Present study was carried out to examine the effect of tops of date palm leaves extract on blood glucose of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Forty male Sprague Dawely rats (120-130g) were housed individually and randomly allocated to two main groups; diabetic group (n=30), and normal group (n=10) in the animal lab, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. An aqueous extracts were prepared from tops of date palm leaves (EDPL) and were orally administered to rats.

Design and synthesis of some new 2,3'-bipyridine-5-carbonitriles as potential anti-inflammatory/antimicrobial agents.

Aim: Inflammation may cause accumulation of fluid in the injured area, which may promote bacterial growth. Other reports disclosed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may enhance progression of bacterial infection.

Results: This work describes synthesis of new series of 2,3'-bipyridine-5-carbonitriles as structural analogs of etoricoxib, linked at position-6 to variously substituted thio or oxo moieties.

Design, facile synthesis and anthelmintic activity of new -substituted 6-methoxybenzothiazole-2-carbamates. Part II.

In the framework of pursuing the design and synthesis of a new series of substituted 6-methoxybenzothiazole-2-carbamates as potential anthelmintics, and as a continuation of the expended efforts in part I, we have set out to develop novel compounds with enhanced anthelmintic activity by blocking the 6-position of benzothiazole with side chains of different polarities. Guided by the findings in part I, and reporting the paramphistomicidal activity of oxadiazoline derivatives and , we aimed to synthesize target benzothiazoles designed to comprise some planar heterocyclic ring systems, namely, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles, bearing a variety of hydrophobic and hydrophilic components. The synthesis of the desired compounds was primarily achieved by cyclization of 6-acetohydrazide, .

Folic Acid and Grape Seed Extract Prevent Azathioprine-induced Fetal Malformations and Renal Toxicity in Rats.

Azathioprine (AZA) is an important drug commonly used in the therapy of the autoimmune system disorders. It induces many hazard effects that restrict its use. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of AZA on the fetal development and renal function and its co-administration with either folic acid (FA) or grape seed extract (GSE).

Potential Antidepressant Constituents of Nigella sativa Seeds.

Background: Nigella sativa Linn. is well known seed in the Middle East, Asia, and the Far East as a natural remedy for many ailments and as a flavoring agent proclaimed medicinal usage dating back to the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. An authentic saying of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him) about black seed is also quoted in Al-Bukhari.

Achillea fragrantissima, rich in flavonoids and tannins, potentiates the activity of diminazine aceturate against Trypanosoma evansi in rats.

Objective: To evaluate activity of methanol extract of Achillea fragrantissima (meth) (A. fragrantissima) alone or in combination with diminazine aceturate (DA) against Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) in experimentally infected rats.

Synthesis of Some 4,5-Dihydrothieno[3,2-e][1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-a] Pyrimi-dine-2-Carboxamides as Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Agents.

A new series 4,5-dihydrothieno[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide was synthesized. Twenty one newly synthesized compounds were investigated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity using acute and subacute formalin-induced paw edema models and diclofenac Na as a reference. The acute toxicity (ALD50) and ulcerogenic effects of the active compounds were also determined.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.

A novel series of thienopyrimidine derivatives bearing various substituents or linked to various heterocyclic moieties through atoms spacers were prepared starting from 5-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6- carboxamide potassium salt 3. Twelve out of the prepared compounds were selected and evaluated for their antiinflammatory activity using the formalin-induced paw edema and the turpentine oil-induced granuloma pouch bioassays using diclofenac sodium as a reference standard. The ulcerogenic effects and acute toxicity (ALD50) values of these compounds were also determined.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of thieno [2',3':4,5]pyrimido[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazines and thieno[2,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.

A new series of thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrimido[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazines and thieno[2,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines was synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity using diclofenac Na as a reference standard. Additionally, the ulcerogenic effects and acute toxicity (ALD50) values of the active compounds were also determined.

Design, synthesis and molecular docking study of some substituted 4,5- dihydro-2H-indazole derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents.

A new series of 4,5-dihydro-2H-indazoles was synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using formalin-induced paw edema and turpentine oil-induced granuloma pouch bioassays. In addition, the inhibitory activity of cyclooxygenase, ulcerogenic effect, and acute toxicity (ALD50) values were also determined. Compounds 10, 13, 15, 16, 18 and 22 were proved to display distinctive anti-inflammatory profiles with a fast onset of action.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel thienopyrimidines and fused thienopyrimidines as anti-inflammatory agents.

Some new substituted thienopyrimidine derivatives comprising thioxo, thioalkyl and pyrazolyl derivatives as well as fused thienotriazolopyrimidine and thienopyrimidinotriazine ring systems were prepared from 3-benzyl-2-hydrazino-5-methyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide 4. The designed compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 4, 9, 10 and 13 showed the highest anti-inflammatory effect compared with the reference drug diclofenac sodium.

Adverse effects of the anabolic steroid, boldenone undecylenate, on reproductive functions of male rabbits.

This study was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of the anabolic steroid, boldenone undecylenate (BOL) on reproductive functions of male rabbits. Thirty white New Zealand mature male rabbits were divided into three groups (10 rabbits each). Group A rabbits served as a control group.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazole compounds.

A novel dipyrazole ethandiamide compound and acid chloride of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine 4(5H)-one were prepared and reacted with a number of nucleophiles. The resultant novel compounds were tested in several in vitro and in vivo assays. Three compounds inhibited the secretion of neurotoxins by human THP-1 monocytic cells at concentrations that were not toxic to these cells.

Teratogenic and cytogenetic effects of ivermectin and its interaction with P-glycoprotein inhibitor.

Experiments in animals proved that P-glycoprotein (Pgp) forms a functional barrier between maternal and fetal blood circulation in the placenta, thus protecting the fetus from exposure to xenobiotics during pregnancy. In this study we aimed to demonstrate the effects of administration of ivermectin (anthelmentic drug, Pgp substrates), either alone or simultaneously with verapamil (Pgp inhibitor) in Wister rats on fetal development, maternal bone marrow for detection of micronuclei (MN), chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index (MI) and embryonic liver cells for cellular proliferation indicated by MI, and bleeding from umbilical vessels for detection of embryonic micronuclei (MN). The results revealed that administration of ivermectin or verapamil at 6th through 15th day of gestation did not significantly altered fetal development.

Grape seed extract prevents azathioprine toxicity in rats.

Azathioprine (Aza) is an important drug commonly used in the therapy of autoimmune system disorders. It induces hepatotoxicity and hazard effects that restrict its use. The effects of administration of grape seed extract and folic acid on Aza toxicity by gavage (simultaneously) daily for 4 weeks were studied by determining the changes in some hematological parameters and liver histology.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazolyl-2,4-thiazolidinediones as anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents.

Novel pyrazolyl-2,4-thiazolidinediones were prepared via the reaction of appropriate pyrazolecarboxaldehydes with 2,4-thiazolidinediones and substituted benzyl-2,4-thiazolidinediones. The resultant compounds were first evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in vitro. The active compounds were further studied in vivo by using the formalin-induced paw edema and the turpentine oil-induced granuloma pouch bioassays.

Oxidative stress and immunotoxic effects of lead and their amelioration with myrrh (Commiphora molmol) emulsion.

The possible role of Commiphora molmol emulsion (CME) in protecting against lead (PbAc)-induced hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in rabbits was assessed. Six groups of animals were used: groups I (control) and II (PbAc) were not supplemented with CME. Groups III (CME50) and IV (CME50+PbAc) were administered with CME in a dose rate of 50mg/kg bwt, while groups V (CME100) and VI (CME100+PbAc) were received 100mg CME/kg bwt daily p.