Silver Nanoparticles and L-Cysteine Composite Redresses Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Rats.

l-cysteine is a versatile amino acid that plays a pivotal role in synthesizing critical molecules, enzymatic catalysis, regulation, and electron transport. It also has tremendous potential to act as an adjuvant for enhancing the biological efficacy of various nanoparticles in vivo. The current study is aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) decorated with l-cysteine in carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced hepatotoxicity in the Swiss albino rats as an animal model.

Silver Nanoparticles Decorated with Curcumin Enhance the Efficacy of Metformin in Diabetic Rats via Suppression of Hepatotoxicity.

Hepatotoxicity is one of the significant side effects of chronic diabetes mellitus (DM) besides nephrotoxicity and pancreatitis. The management of this disease is much dependent on the restoration of the liver to its maximum functionality, as it is the central metabolic organ that gets severely affected during chronic diabetes. The present study investigates if the silver nanoparticles decorated with curcumin (AgNP-Cur) can enhance the efficacy of metformin (a conventional antidiabetic drug) by countering the drug-induced hepatoxicity.

Protective Effect of Daidzein against Diethylnitrosamine/Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Male Rats.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second-largest cause of death among all cancer types. Many drugs have been used to treat the disease for a long time but have been mostly discontinued because of their side effects or the development of resistance in the patients with HCC. The administration of DZ orally is a great focus to address the clinical crisis.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Blunt Potassium-Bromate-Induced Renal Toxicity by Reinforcing the Redox System.

Potassium bromate (PB) is a general food additive, a significant by-product during water disinfection, and a carcinogen (Class II B). The compound emits toxicity depending on the extent of its exposure and dose through consumable items. The current study targeted disclosing the ameliorative efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared by green technology in PB-exposed Swiss albino rats.

Disulfiram Enhances the Antineoplastic Activity and Sensitivity of Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma to 5-FU via Redox Management.

The efficacy of anticancer drug 5-FU is suppressed due to various factors, including severe side effects and decreased insensitivity during prolonged chemotherapy. Elevated endogenous copper (Cu) levels are one of the prominent hallmark features of cancer cells. In the present investigation, this feature was targeted in diethyl nitrosamine-phenobarbital-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a rat model system by an established anticancer drug, 5-FU, co-administered with copper and its chelating agent, disulfiram.

The effect of Luteolin on DNA damage mediated by a copper catalyzed Fenton reaction.

Luteolin has been reviewed as a flavonoid possessing potential cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activities. Having multiple biological effects, luteolin may act as either an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant. In this work, the protective role of copper(II)-chelation by luteolin on DNA damage via the Cu-Fenton reaction was studied.

Supplementation with selenium nanoparticles alleviates diabetic nephropathy during pregnancy in the diabetic female rats.

The bioactivity of nanoparticles has engendered a promise in scientific communities for developing novel therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the protective effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against kidney injury in streptozocin-induced diabetes during pregnant (DDP) rats. The female rats were separated into three groups (n = 8).

Melatonin Alleviated Potassium Dichromate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Reprotoxicity in Male Rats.

Melatonin (ML) is a potent antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress. This study was designed to examine the protective effect of melatonin on potassium dichromate- (PDC-) induced male reproductive toxicity. Forty rats were divided into five groups: the control group, rats administered PDC orally (10 mg/kg body weight) for eight weeks, rats administered ML intraperitoneally at doses of either 2.

Bioactive Tryptophan-Based Copper Complex with Auxiliary β-Carboline Spectacle Potential on Human Breast Cancer Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.

Biocompatible tryptophan-derived copper () and zinc () complexes with norharmane (β-carboline) were designed, synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for the potential anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro cytotoxicity of both complexes and were assessed against two cancerous cells: (human breast cancer) MCF7 and (liver hepatocellular cancer) HepG2 cells with a non-tumorigenic: (human embryonic kidney) HEK293 cells. The results exhibited a potentially decent selectivity of against MCF7 cells with an IC value of 7.

Samsum ant venom protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute spleen toxicity in vivo.

Many active molecules used in the development of new drugs are produced by ants. Present study assessed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Samsum ant venom (SAV) extract in carbon tetrachloride (CCL)-induced spleen toxicity. Toxicity and oxidative stress were measured in four experimental groups: a negative control group without any treatment, a positive control group (CCl-treated rats; a single dose of 1 ml/kg CCL), an experimental group of CCl-treated rats co-treated daily with SAV (100 μl), and a group to determine safe use with rats treated only with SAV (100 μl) daily for 3 weeks.

Nephroprotective Effect of and Extracts and Carvedilol on Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis: Roles of NF-κB, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak.

This study was designed to assess the nephroprotective effects of and aqueous extracts and carvedilol on hyperoxaluria-induced urolithiasis and to scrutinize the possible roles of NF-κB, p53, Bcl-2, Bax and Bak. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of mushrooms' aqueous extracts were also performed and revealed the presence of multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components. Hyperoxaluria was induced in Wistar rats through the addition of 0.

The Alleviative Effect of Vitamin B on Potassium Bromate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats.

Potassium bromate (PB) is a food enhancer, water disinfection by-product, and a proven carcinogen. It elicits toxicities in the living organism due to exposure and in a dose-dependent manner. The present study discourses the ameliorative efficacy of riboflavin (RF) in PB-administered rodents.

Diabetes-Mediated Toxicity Resulted in the Expression of CD80 and CD86 on Neutrophils after Delayed Wound Healing in Male Rats.

Background: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play an essential role in the innate immune response, and their number increases after prolonged inflammatory diabetic wounds and prolonged wounds in older rats. The expression of CD80 and CD86 on PMNs confirms their participation in acquired immunity, wherein these molecules are involved in antigen presentation.

Materials And Methods: We investigated CD80 and CD86 expression on PMNs by flow cytometry and analyzed the mRNA expression of neutrophil chemoattractants macrophage inflammatory protein-2 () and by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in diabetic wound, which was healed by a camel milk peptide (CMP).

Chemopreventive effect of riboflavin on the potassium bromate-induced renal toxicity in vivo.

Potassium bromate (PB) is a general food additive, flavor enhancer, a by-product of water disinfection, and a class 2 carcinogen. It exerts various toxic effects in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vivo. This study is to explore the chemopreventive efficacy of vitamin B (riboflavin, RF) in PB-administered Swiss albino rats.

Antidiabetic Potency, Antioxidant Effects, and Mode of Actions of Fruit Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Hesperidin, and Quercetin in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Wistar Diabetic Rats.

This study is aimed at assessing the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant effects of () fruit peel hydroethanolic extract and two flavonoids, hesperidin and quercetin, in nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced type 2 diabetic rats. In addition, GC-MS and HPLC-MS analyses of the extract were performed and the results indicated the presence of multiple flavonoids including hesperidin, quercetin, naringin, and polymethoxylated flavones (nobiletin and tangeretin). To achieve the aim of the study, diabetic rats with NA/STZ-induced T2DM were orally treated with fruit peel hydroethanolic extract, hesperidin, and quercetin at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.

Folic acid and melatonin mitigate diabetic nephropathy in rats via inhibition of oxidative stress.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic leads to multiple serious health complications, including nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious kidney-related complication of type 1 or 2 diabetes that is prevalent in almost 40% of the people with diabetes. We examined whether folic acid and melatonin can reduce progression of nephropathy in rats of type 1 diabetes mellitus by controlling the level of oxidative stress, glucose, lipids, and cytokines.

Thymoquinone ameliorates Pachycondyla sennaarensis venom-induced acute toxic shock in male rats.

Background: For many decades, the sting of Samsun ant (Pachycondyla sennaarensis) has been a serious clinical challenge for the people living in some of the major Middle East and Asian countries. In the present study, the therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa derived plant extract component, thymoquinone (TQ) has been tested against the Samsun ant venom (SAV) at the toxic dose in the rats.

Methods: The adult male rats were divided into four groups (n = 10): control, SAV treated, SAV + TQ treated and TQ alone treated.

A Switch between Antioxidant and Prooxidant Properties of the Phenolic Compounds Myricetin, Morin, 3',4'-Dihydroxyflavone, Taxifolin and 4-Hydroxy-Coumarin in the Presence of Copper(II) Ions: A Spectroscopic, Absorption Titration and DNA Damage Study.

The beneficial effects of polyphenols, predominantly in the context of oxidative stress-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological conditions including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, have been documented by a number of papers and reviews. The antioxidant/prooxidant properties of phenolic compounds are related mainly to the number and positions of hydroxyl groups and to their redox metal (Cu, Fe) chelating capacity. In this work we studied structurally distinct phenolic molecules such as myricetin, morin, 3',4'-dihydroxy-flavone, taxifolin and 4-hydroxycoumarin, either alone or as interacting with Cu ions.

Management of oxidative stress and other pathologies in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the formation, aggregation and accumulation of amyloid beta, perturbed metal (copper, iron and zinc) homeostasis, metal-induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, aberrant activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and other pathologies. The aim of this review is to discuss the current therapies based on the "combination-drugs-multitargets" strategy to target multiple pathologies to block the progression of pathogenesis of AD. In addition to cholinergic and amyloid targets, a significant effort is focused on targeting the metal-induced oxidative stress component of the disease.

Efficacy of a Methanolic Extract of Leaf in Alleviating Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Oxidative Stress of Diabetic Rats.

Traditionally, in many countries, various parts of the () tree have been used in the treatment of many clinical ailments including diarrhea and dysentery. The phytochemical screening has indicated that the leaf extract of contains flavonoids, saponins, mucilage, steroids, and alkaloids. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate the hyperglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of methanolic extract of leaves (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) in diabetic rats.

Copper Mediates Anti-Inflammatory and Antifibrotic Activity of Gleevec in Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Induced Male Rats.

The elevated level of copper is one of the hallmark features of cancer cells in most of the types of cancer. In the present study, this feature has been targeted to investigate if coadministration of exogenous copper (Cu) and its chelating agent like disulfiram (DSF) influence the antineoplastic activity of the anticancer drug, Gleevec (GLV), in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-induced rats via immunomodulation. After the treatment, the level of proinflammatory interleukins (IL-1, 2, 6, and 7), anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL-10) concomitant with transcription factors (NF-kB and TNF-a), and the apoptotic marker (cleaved PARP) was estimated.

Redox-cycling and intercalating properties of novel mixed copper(II) complexes with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs tolfenamic, mefenamic and flufenamic acids and phenanthroline functionality: Structure, SOD-mimetic activity, interaction with albumin, DNA damage study and anticancer activity.

Copper(II) complexes containing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been the subject of many research papers and reviews. Here we report the synthesis, spectroscopic study and biological activity of novel mixed copper(II) complexes with NSAIDs: tolfenamic (tolf), mefenamic (mef) and flufenamic (fluf) acids and phenanthroline (phen): [Cu(tolf-O,O')(phen)] (1), [Cu(mef-O,O')(phen)] (2), [Cu(fluf-O,O')(phen)] (3). Complexes were characterized by X-ray analysis and EPR spectroscopy.

Ameliorative effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles against potassium bromate-mediated toxicity in Swiss albino rats.

Potassium bromate (PB) is a commonly used food additive, a prominent water disinfection by-product, and a class IIB carcinogen. It exerts a various degree of toxicity depending on its dose and exposure duration consumed with food and water in the living organisms. The present investigation aims to demonstrate the protective efficacy of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) derived from Ochradenus arabicus (OA) leaf extract by green technology in PB-challenged Swiss albino rats.

Samsum Ant Venom Exerts Anticancer Activity Through Immunomodulation In Vitro and In Vivo.

Samsum ant venom (SAV) is a rich repertoire of natural compounds with tremendous pharmacological properties. The present work explores its antineoplastic activity in different cell lines followed by its confirmation in vivo. The cell lines, HepG2, MCF-7, and LoVo showed the differential dose-dependent antineoplastic effect with an increased level of significant cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 and transcription factor, Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB).