Optimization of feed for Nile tilapia () using an Excel programming model in small-scale feed-mixing operations in Togo.

This study aims to develop an Excel programming model to formulate feed for Nile tilapia (), mainly for small- and medium-sized fish feed manufacturers. The model allows users to formulate the least costly balanced diet of Nile tilapia species, giving them the ability to choose a specific ingredient in the formulation according to the realities of the local environment: space-temporary availability of ingredients, prices and nutritional quality. Computer programming of a database of 25 locally available feed components was carried out using the Excel Solver Add-in and Excel IF mathematical functions to incorporate/delete specific ingredients in real time in accordance with user objectives.

Comparative assessment of acute toxicity and histological changes in liver of African catfish exposed to cotton insecticides.

This study investigated the acute toxicity in to insecticides currently used in Benin cotton fields, including Thalis 112 EC (Emamectin benzoate 48 g L, Acetamiprid 64 g L), Vizir C 92 EC (Cypermethrin 72 g L, Abamectin 20 g L), Pyrinex Quick 212 EC (Deltamethrin 12 g L, Chlorpyrifos 200 g L) and Pyro FTE 472 EC (Cypermethrin 72 g L, Chlorpyrifos 400 g L) with emphasis on liver histopathological effects. A set of 180 juveniles of (5.21 ± 3.

Evaluation of acute toxicity and histology effect on liver of glyphosate and atrazine in the African catfish (Burchell 1822).

Aquatic organisms are exposed to chemical pesticides including glyphosate (Sharp 480 SL) and atrazine (Atraforce), two phytocidal molecules used for agriculture purposes in Benin. In this study, we assessed the acute toxicity of these two herbicides with emphasis on their histopathological effects on the liver of catfish One hundred and eighty juveniles of (mean length 7.26 ± 0.

Integrated biomarker response to assess the effects of pesticide residues on Nile Tilapia in aquatic ecosystems contaminated by cotton-field effluents.

An in-situ study combined with an integrated biomarker response was used to evaluate the impact of agricultural effluents in the physiological responses of Nile tilapia reared in cages and enclosures of water reservoirs in North Benin. Fish were distributed in fish farming systems at two sites: Songhai located outside the cotton basin and Batran located in the most productive commune. They were sampled for blood and organs before (BST), during (DST) and after (AST) pesticide treatment.

Contamination of Water, Sediment and Fish with Residues of Pesticides Used in Cotton Production in Northern Benin.

In Northern Benin, insecticides are used for cotton production. These insecticides can be easily transferred to water ponds close to cotton fields. To monitor insecticides levels in water, sediments and fish samples from water ponds, a GC-MS analytical method was developed to detect residues of endosulfan, DDT and its parent compounds, isomers of HCH, pyrethroids and chlorpyrifos.

Chronic effects of a binary insecticide Acer 35 EC on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus through a multi-biomarker approach.

Acer 35 EC is a widely used insecticide (a binary mixture of lambda-cyhalothrin and acetamiprid) in pest control in many West African countries, particularly in the cotton culture in north Benin. The aim of this study was to investigate the chronic effects of Acer 35 EC on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus juveniles using a multi-biomarker approach under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Acer 35 EC (0, 1 and 10% of LC- 96 h value).

Sanitary quality improvement of fish produced in the northern Benin cotton basin water reservoirs by cage culture and fish transfer in agricultural contaminant-free water: human health implications.

Northern Benin water reservoirs may remain valuable resources for fish production if the ecotoxicological risks related to agricultural pesticides are eradicated. The present work was undertaken (i) to evaluate sanitary quality and human health implications of fish (Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus) reared in cages compared with those produced in pens installed in a contaminated water reservoir (Batran) and a reference water reservoir (Songhaï) and (ii) to test the efficacy of fish transferring to water without agricultural contaminants on fish health status. Pathogenic bacteria and pesticide residues were analyzed by phenotypic and biochemical identification and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, respectively.

Joint toxicity of two phytosanitary molecules, lambda-cyhalothrin and acetamiprid, on African catfish () juveniles.

This study was designed to evaluate the acute toxicity of acetamiprid (neonicotinoid) and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid), individually and mixtures (Act-LCh mixture and Acer 35 EC®, 15 g/L of acetamiprid and 20 g/L of lambda-cyhalothrin) in African catfish juveniles (3.35 ± 0.75 g).

Comparative acute toxicity of two phytosanitary molecules, lambda-cyhalothrin and acetamiprid, on Nile Tilapia () juveniles.

This study aimed to compare the toxicity for fish of two active ingredients (lambda-cyhalothrin-20 g L, a pyrethroid, and acetamiprid-15 g L, a neonicotinoid) which are components of a commercial insecticide (Acer 35 EC) used in cotton crop in many West African countries. The juveniles of (4.01 ± 0.

Occurrence of Acetamiprid Residues in Water Reservoirs in the Cotton Basin of Northern Benin.

An Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to UV detection method was developed to determine acetamiprid residues in water reservoirs of northern Benin, close to cotton fields. The quantification limit of this method was 0.2 µg L acetamiprid in water, its precision ranged between 8% and 22%, and its trueness between 99% and 117% (for concentrations ranging from 0.

Genetic characterization of Benin's wild populations of Sarotherodon melanotheron melanotheron Rüppell, 1852.

The Cichlid fish Sarotherodon melanotheron is typically found in West and Central African estuaries and lagoons. It represents a good candidate for promoting tilapia farming in brackish waters. Understanding the genetic diversity in its populations from the hydrographical basins of Southern Benin is primordial before designing selective breeding programs.

Assessment of the health status of wild fish inhabiting a cotton basin heavily impacted by pesticides in Benin (West Africa).

To determine the impact of agricultural pesticides used in cotton cultivation on the health status of fish living in a Beninese cotton basin, we compared the reproductive and hepatic systems of fish sampled from rivers located in both contaminated and pristine conditions. Different types of biomarkers, including biometric indices (a condition factor K, a gonadosomatic index GSI, and a hepatosomatic index HSI), plasma levels of sex steroids (11-ketotestosterone 11-KT, testosterone T and estradiol-17β E2) and the histopathology of the gonads and liver, were investigated for two different trophic levels of the following two fish species: the Guinean tilapia Tilapia guineensis and the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. The fish were captured during both the rainy season (when there is heavy use of pesticides on cotton fields) and the dry season from one site, in Pendjari River (reference site), which is located outside the cotton-producing basin, and from three other sites on the Alibori River within the cotton-producing basin.