ECG Heartbeat Classification Using Machine Learning and Metaheuristic Optimization for Smart Healthcare Systems.

Early diagnosis and classification of arrhythmia from an electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a significant role in smart healthcare systems for the health monitoring of individuals with cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, the nonlinearity and low amplitude of ECG recordings make the classification process difficult. Thus, the performance of most traditional machine learning (ML) classifiers is questionable, as the interrelationship between the learning parameters is not well modeled, especially for data features with high dimensions.

Nutritional and immunological evaluation of Nannochloropsis oculata as a potential Nile tilapia-aquafeed supplement.

Nannochloropsis oculata (N. oculata) is a marine microalga containing bioactive compounds and a high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFAs). Therefore, it is very promising for nutraceutical and the functional food industry applications.

Preparation and evaluation of radiolabeled gliclazide parenteral nanoemulsion as a new tracer for pancreatic β-cells mass.

Purpose: The present investigation aims to develop and evaluate a radiopharmaceutical for targeting and assessing β-cells mass based on gliclazide, an antidiabetic drug that specifically binds the sulfonylurea receptor unique to the β-cells of the pancreas.

Methods: Conditions were optimized to radiolabel gliclazide with radioiodine via electrophilic substitution reaction. Then, it was formulated as a nanoemulsion system using olive oil and egg lecithin by hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication.

SARS-CoV-2 Detection and COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Bird's Eye View.

The battle against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is continued worldwide by administering firsttime emergency authorized novel mRNA-based and conventional vector-antigen-based anti- COVID-19 vaccines to prevent further transmission of the virus as well as to reduce the severe respiratory complications of the infection in infected individuals. However; the emergence of numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants is of concern, and the identification of certain breakthrough and reinfection cases in vaccinated individuals as well as new cases soaring in some low-to-middle income countries (LMICs) and even in some resource-replete nations have raised concerns that only vaccine jabs would not be sufficient to control and vanquishing the pandemic. Lack of screening for asymptomatic COVID-19-infected subjects and inefficient management of diagnosed COVID-19 infections also pose some concerns and the need to fill the gaps among policies and strategies to reduce the pandemic in hospitals, healthcare services, and the general community.

Molecular modeling investigation on mechanism of diazinon pesticide removal from water by single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

In this study, the mechanism of diazinon adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), as well as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), was investigated using molecular modelling. Determination of the lowest energy sites of different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was demonstrated. The adsorption site locator module was used for this purpose.

A Comparative Study of Skimmed Milk and Cassava Flour on the Viability of Freeze-Dried Lactic Acid Bacteria as Starter Cultures for Yogurt Fermentation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rates and fermentation performance of three freeze-dried lactic acid bacterial cultures previously isolated from Ghanaian traditional fermented milk. LAB cultures, i.e.

Review on the Safety and Efficacy of Brolucizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration From Major Studies and Real-World Data.

Frequent antivascular endothelial growth factor injections in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) often lead to poor compliance and suboptimal outcomes. A longer-acting agent has been a pressing unmet need until recently. Brolucizumab, an antivascular endothelial growth factor agent, is a single-chain antibody fragment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 8, 2019, for treating nAMD.

CBD resistant strains are susceptible to epsilon 34 phage tailspike protein.

The rise of antimicrobial resistance is a global public health crisis that threatens the effective control and prevention of infections. Due to the emergence of pandrug-resistant bacteria, most antibiotics have lost their efficacy. Bacteriophages or their components are known to target bacterial cell walls, cell membranes, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and hydrolyze them.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of [I]iodocarvedilol as a potential radiopharmaceutical for heart imaging.

The optimization of the radiolabeling yield of carvedilol with iodine-131 was described. Dependence of the labeling yield of [I]iodocarvedilol on the concentration of carvedilol, chloramine-T content, pH of the reaction mixture and reaction time was studied in details. Carvedilol was labeled with iodine-131 at pH 6 with a labeling yield of 92.

Canagliflozin alleviates valproic acid-induced autism in rat pups: Role of PTEN/PDK/PPAR-γ signaling pathways.

Autism is complex and multifactorial, and is one of the fastest growing neurodevelopmental disorders. Canagliflozin (Cana) is an antidiabetic drug that exhibits neuroprotective properties in various neurodegenerative syndromes. This study investigated the possible protective effect of Cana against the valproic acid (VPA)-induced model of autism.

Detection of Adverse Drug Reactions in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study by ADR Prompt Indicators.

Seeking an alternative approach for detecting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in coronavirus patients (COVID-19) and enhancing drug safety, a retrospective study of six months was conducted utilizing an electronic medical record (EMR) database to detect ADRs in hospitalized patients for COVID-19, using "ADR prompt indicators" (APIs). Consequently, confirmed ADRs were subjected to multifaceted analyses, such as demographic attribution, relationship with specific drugs and implication for organs and systems of the body, incidence rate, type, severity, and preventability of ADR. The incidence rate of ADRs is 37%, the predisposition of organs and systems to ADR is observed remarkably in the hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal systems at 41.

Machine learning prediction for COVID-19 disease severity at hospital admission.

Importance: Early prognostication of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who may require mechanical ventilation and have worse outcomes within 30 days of admission is useful for delivering appropriate clinical care and optimizing resource allocation.

Objective: To develop machine learning models to predict COVID-19 severity at the time of the hospital admission based on a single institution data.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We established a retrospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center from May 2020 to March 2022.

Assessment of alteration in antiviral plasma concentration across dialysis days: computational and analytical study.

Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) may displace drugs from the plasma proteins and render them more liable to clearance. This study aims to investigate the possible interplay between PBUTs and directly acting antivirals (DAAs). PBUT plasma protein binding was compared to those of paritaprevir (PRT), ombitasivir (OMB) and ritonavir (RTV) to assess the possible competitive displacement.

Therapeutic interventions target the NLRP3 inflammasome in ulcerative colitis: Comprehensive study.

One of the significant health issues in the world is the prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC). UC is a chronic disorder that mainly affects the colon, beginning with the rectum, and can progress from asymptomatic mild inflammation to extensive inflammation of the entire colon. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of UC pathogenesis emphasizes the need for innovative therapeutic approaches based on identifying molecular targets.

Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Performance of Two Joints of Medium-Mn Stainless Steel with Low- and High-Alloyed Steels.

In this work, 2 mm thick medium-Mn austenitic stainless steel (MMn-SS) plates were joined with austenitic NiCr stainless steel (NiCr-SS) and low-carbon steel (LCS) using the gas tungsten arc welding technique. A precise adjustment of the welding process parameters was conducted to achieve high-quality dissimilar joints of MMn-SS with NiCr-SS and LCS. The microstructural evolution was studied using laser scanning confocal and electron microscopes.

Chemopreventive Effects of against Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Cancer in Rats via Amendment of Bax/Bcl-2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways.

species (Boraginaceae) are well known as medicinal plants due to their wide range of pharmaceutical potential. The present study aims to investigate the anticancer (in vitro) and chemo-protective (in vivo) efficacies of extract (OME) in the azoxymethane (AOM)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. The in vitro antiproliferative effects of OME were determined on two human tumor cell lines (Caco-2 and HT-29) via MTT assay.

Outcome of hyaluronic acid gel injection in glans penis for treatment of lifelong premature ejaculation: A pilot study.

Objective: To assess safety and efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA) gel injection in glans penis for treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) using our new five puncture technique.

Patients And Methods: This is a prospective, non-randomized clinical trial on HA gel injection in glans penis for all patients with lifelong PE; all patients were circumcised having heterosexual normal marital life and sexually active. Patients with history of ejaculatory medication use within the previous 3 months, psychiatric disorders, erectile dysfunction, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to prostatitis and acquired PE were excluded from the study.

An insight into synthesis and antitumor activity of citrate and gallate stabilizing gold nanospheres.

Both gallic and citrate are well-established antioxidants that show promise as new selective anti-cancer drugs. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well can be developed as flexible and nontoxic nano-carriers for anti-cancer drugs. This article evaluating the efficiency and biocompatibility of gallic acid and citrate capping gold nanoparticles to be used as anti-cancer drug.

Advances in Polysaccharide-Based Oral Colon-Targeted Delivery Systems: The Journey So Far and the Road Ahead.

Various colon-targeted oral delivery systems have been explored so far to treat colorectal diseases, including timed-release systems, prodrugs, pH-based polymer coatings, and microflora-triggered systems. Among them, the microbially triggered system has gained attention. Among various oral colon-targeted delivery systems discussed, the polysaccharide-based colon-targeted delivery system has been found to be quite promising as polysaccharides remain unaffected by gastric as well as upper intestine milieu and are only digested by colonic bacteria upon reaching the colon.

Evaluation of synthesized biosurfactants as promising corrosion inhibitors and alternative antibacterial and antidermatophytes agents.

This study investigated different amino acid-based surfactants (AASs), also known as biosurfactants, including sodium N-dodecyl asparagine (AS), sodium N-dodecyl tryptophan (TS), and sodium N-dodecyl histidine (HS) for their potential anticorrosion, antibacterial, and antidermatophyte properties. The chemical and electrochemical techniques were employed to examine the copper corrosion inhibition efficacy in HSO (1.0 M) solution at 298 K.

Cost-effectiveness of pancreas surveillance: The CDKN2A-p16-Leiden cohort.

Background: CDKN2A-p16-Leiden mutation carriers have a high lifetime risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with very poor survival. Surveillance may improve prognosis.

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of surveillance, as compared to no surveillance.

Coumarin-Based Sulfonamide Derivatives as Potential DPP-IV Inhibitors: Pre-ADME Analysis, Toxicity Profile, Computational Analysis, and In Vitro Enzyme Assay.

Recent research on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors has made it feasible to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with minimal side effects. Therefore, in the present investigation, we aimed to discover and develop some coumarin-based sulphonamides as potential DPP-IV inhibitors in light of the fact that molecular hybridization of many bioactive pharmacophores frequently results in synergistic activity. Each of the proposed derivatives was subjected to an in silico virtual screening, and those that met all of the criteria and had a higher binding affinity with the DPP-IV enzyme were then subjected to wet lab synthesis, followed by an in vitro biological evaluation.