MRI-based PI-RADS score predicts ISUP upgrading and adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy in men with biopsy ISUP 1 prostate cancer.

Introduction: Most men diagnosed with very-low and low-risk prostate cancer are candidates for active surveillance; however, there is still a misclassification risk. We examined whether PI-RADS category 4 or 5 combined with ISUP 1 on prostate biopsy predicts upgrading and/or adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy.

Materials And Methods: A total of 127 patients had ISUP 1 cancer on biopsy after multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and then underwent radical prostatectomy.

Automatic analysis of nuclear features reveals a non-tumoral predictor of tumor grade in bladder cancer.

Background & Objectives: Tumor grade determines prognosis in urothelial carcinoma. The classification of low and high grade is based on nuclear morphological features that include nuclear size, hyperchromasia and pleomorphism. These features are subjectively assessed by the pathologists and are not numerically measured, which leads to high rates of interobserver variability.

Detection of Muscularis propria Invasion in Urothelial Carcinoma Using Artificial Intelligence.

Assessment of muscularis propria invasion is a crucial step in the management of urothelial carcinoma since it necessitates aggressive treatment. The diagnosis of muscle invasion is a challenging process for pathologists. Artificial intelligence is developing rapidly and being implemented in various fields of pathology.

A combined MRI-PSAD risk stratification system for prioritizing prostate biopsies.

Introduction:   Prostate cancer screening with PSA is associated with low specificity; furthermore, little is known about the optimal timing of biopsy.  We aimed to evaluate whether a risk classification system combining PSA density (PSAD) and mpMRI can predict clinically significant cancer and determine biopsy timing.

Materials And Methods:  We reviewed the medical records of 256 men with a PI-RADS ≥ 3 lesion on mpMRI who underwent transperineal targeted and systematic biopsies of the prostate between 2017-2019.

Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with Prominent Micropapillary Pattern: A Case Report of a Previously Undescribed Morphology.

The classic morphology of clear cell renal cell carcinoma consists of nests of cells with clear cytoplasm. Nevertheless, other histologic patterns may be seen including cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, bizarre multinucleated giant tumor cells and pseudopapillary structures. In this article, we present the first case of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with a prominent micropapillary pattern.

The role of tumor density in predicting significant cancer on targeted biopsy of the prostate.

Objective: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is central to diagnosing prostate cancer; however, not all imaged lesions represent clinically significant tumors. We aimed to evaluate the association between the relative tumor volume on mpMRI and clinically significant prostate cancer on biopsy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 340 patients who underwent combined transperineal targeted and systematic prostate biopsies between 2017 and 2021.

PET radiotracers for whole-body in vivo molecular imaging of prostatic neuroendocrine malignancies.

Prostatic neuroendocrine malignancies represent a spectrum of diseases. Treatment-induced neuroendocrine differentiation (tiNED) in hormonally treated adenocarcinoma has been the subject of a large amount of recent research. However, the identification of neuroendocrine features in treatment-naïve prostatic tumor raises a differential diagnosis between prostatic adenocarcinoma with de novo neuroendocrine differentiation (dNED) versus one of the primary prostatic neuroendocrine tumors (P-NETs) and carcinomas (P-NECs).

Short Training Significantly Improves Ganglion Cell Detection Using an Algorithm-Assisted Approach.

Context.—: Medical education in pathology relies on the accumulation of experience gained through inspection of numerous samples from each entity. Acquiring sufficient teaching material for rare diseases, such as Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), may be difficult, especially in smaller institutes.

Anterior and apical samplings during transperineal image-guided prostate biopsy.

Introduction: Concurrent systematic biopsies during image-guided targeted biopsies of the prostate were found to improve the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC). However, these biopsies do not routinely include anterior or apical sampling. We aimed to evaluate the significance of anterior and apical samplings during combined biopsies.

STAT3 activation in HER2-positive breast cancers: Analysis of data from a large prospective trial.

The JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway may be aberrantly activated and have various and conflicting roles in breast cancer. The current study explored prognostic implications of activated STAT3 in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive primary breast cancers in the context of a large prospective study (ALTTO). Activated STAT3 was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of STAT3 phosphorylation (Y705) performed on the primary tumors.

Bone metastasis is associated with acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype and immune suppression in a model of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis.

The most common site of breast cancer metastasis is the bone, occurring in approximately 70% of patients with advanced disease. Bone metastasis is associated with severe morbidities and high mortality. Therefore, deeper understanding of the mechanisms that enable bone-metastatic relapse are urgently needed.

Head-to-Head Comparison of Ga-PSMA-11 with F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT in Staging Prostate Cancer Using Histopathology and Immunohistochemical Analysis as a Reference Standard.

F-PSMA-1007 is a novel prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based radiopharmaceutical for imaging prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of F-PSMA-1007 with Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in the same patients presenting with newly diagnosed intermediate- or high-risk PCa. Sixteen patients with intermediate- or high-risk PCa underwent F-PSMA-1007 and Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT within 15 d.

Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma to Ovarian Cystadenofibroma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Tumor-to-tumor metastasis is being described in different types of tumors and in increasing amount of cases. Being aware of this phenomenon is important, as it affects disease stage and treatment approach. In this report, we descried an incidental histopathologic finding of metastatic adenocarcinoma to an ovarian cystadenofibroma and review cases published previously in the literature.

Characterization of Factors Affecting the Detection Limit of EGFR p.T790M in Circulating Tumor DNA.

Objective: Circulating tumor DNA is a promising noninvasive tool for cancer monitoring. One of the challenges in applying this tool is the detection of low-frequency mutations. The detection limit of these mutations varies between different molecular methods.

Risk for molecular contamination of tissue samples evaluated for targeted anti-cancer therapy.

With the increasing usage of sensitive PCR technology for pharmacogenetics, cross contamination becomes a significant concern. Researchers employed techniques which basically include replacing laboratory equipment after each sample preparation; however, there are no recommended guidelines. In the present work we wanted to evaluate the risk of cross contamination during tissue processing using the routine precaution measures.

[THE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS IN TUMOR TISSUE BIOPSIES FROM PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE LARGE B CELL LYMPHOMA].

Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and constitutes 30-40% of all cases in adults. DLBCL is heterogeneous in terms of its clinical course, and related molecular and genetic features. In the current era of appropriate chemo-immunotherapy, approximately 50%-60% of patients are cured after treatment.