Lateral hypothalamic area high-frequency deep brain stimulation rescues memory decline in aged rat: behavioral, molecular, and electrophysiological study.

To examine the effect of DBS of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) on age-related memory changes, neuronal firing from CA1, oxidative stress, and the expression of Hsp70, BDNF, and synaptophysin. 72 male rats were randomly allocated into 6 equal groups: a) normal young group (8 W), b) sham young group, c) DBS young group, d) normal old group (24 months), e) sham old group and f) DBS old group. Memory tests (passive avoidance and Y maze), oxidative stress markers (MDA, catalase, and GSH) and expression of Nrf2, HO-1, Hsp70, BDNF, and synaptophysin were measured by the end of the experiment.

Chemotherapy alters thrombomodulin and factor VIIIc expression resulting in acquired activated protein C resistance and enhanced thrombin generation in cancer associated thrombosis.

Background: Tumour type, treatment and patient related factors contribute to cancer associated venous thromboembolism (VTE), however, the role of each factor and the mechanisms involved are not understood.

Aim: To assess the role of the tumour, and of chemotherapy, in mediating the procoagulant response associated with VTE in gynaecological cancer patients.

Methods: Gynaecological cancer patients who developed VTE during follow-up (n = 59) (VTE+) were matched with treatment naïve(treatment (-)(VTE-)(n = 120) and chemotherapy treated patients(treatment (+)(VTE-) (n = 57)).

New Ionic Liquid Forms of Antituberculosis Drug Combinations for Optimized Stability and Dissolution.

Isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) are the two main drugs used for the management of tuberculosis. They are often used as a fixed drug combination, but their delivery is challenged by suboptimal solubility and physical instability. This study explores the potential of active pharmaceutical ingredient-ionic liquids (API-ILs) to improve the physicochemical and pharmaceutical properties of INH and RIF.

Isolation and Characterization of Strains from Egyptian Mangroves: Exploring Their Endophytic Potential in Maize for Biological Control of .

The widespread use of pesticides to manage has led to significant challenges. This insect has developed resistance to 47 active insecticide ingredients. Therefore, endophytic entomopathogenic bacteria have been explored as an alternative pest management strategy, offering the potential to reduce reliance on chemical pesticides.

Frozen section analysis of pancreatic resection margins during pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma is not affected by neoadjuvant therapy.

Background/objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate if the histopathological changes occurring in the pancreas post neoadjuvant-therapy (PNAT) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) may negatively affect the assessment of intra-operative frozen section (FS) analysis of pancreatic resection margins (PRMs).

Methods: The clinicopathological data of patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy for PDAC between 2015 and 2022 were analyzed. Comparison of the accuracy of the FS analysis in treatment naïve (TN) and PNAT patients for all pancreatic margins was performed.

Elucidating Early Radiation-Induced Cardiotoxicity Markers in Preclinical Genetic Models Through Advanced Machine Learning and Cardiac MRI.

Radiation therapy (RT) is widely used to treat thoracic cancers but carries a risk of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). This study aimed to detect early markers of RIHD using machine learning (ML) techniques and cardiac MRI in a rat model. SS.

A review of sugar-sweetened beverages taxation in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates.

Background: The World Health Organization recommends taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) as part of cost-effective interventions to prevent diet-related noncommunicable diseases.

Aim: To analyse the adoption and implementation of SSBs taxation in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates and its impact on obesity rates.

Methods: Using a semi-structured questionnaire, we collected information on progress with implementation of SSBs taxes in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates between January 2015 and December 2023.

Situation analysis of sugar‑sweetened beverages taxation in Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Background: Significant attention is being given to the role of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in the increasing rates of obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).

Aim: To document the different approaches being used by EMR countries in implementing the sugar-sweetened beverages taxation.

Methods: This study used data on indirect taxes levied on SSBs by the 22 EMR countries and territories collected by WHO between July 2022 and June 2023.

Prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with type 2 diabetes: the role of incretin mimetics and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), with women experiencing a disproportionate risk of events compared with men. Women have an amplified burden of cardiovascular risk factors once T2D is diagnosed. Incretin mimetics now plays a central role in managing cardiovascular risk by improving glycemic control, promoting weight loss, and potentially exerting direct cardioprotective effects.

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications - A Review.

Over the last decade, biomedical nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable biological properties and diverse applications in biomedicine. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are particularly notable for their wide range of medicinal uses, including antibacterial, anticancer, biosensing, cell imaging, and drug/gene delivery. Among these, zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs stand out for their versatility and effectiveness.

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is associated with increased risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis in a prospective study of a cardio-oncology cohort.

Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has been shown to increase all-cause mortality and risk of cardiomyopathy in patients with solid malignancies. CHIP has also been shown to increase T cell activation in heart failure patients. It is unclear whether CHIP can affect the risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) myocarditis in patients with cancer treated with immunotherapy.

Integrated modeling of biomarkers, survival and safety in clinical oncology drug development.

Model-based approaches, including population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling, have become an essential component in the clinical phases of oncology drug development. Over the past two decades, models have evolved to describe the temporal dynamics of biomarkers and tumor size, treatment-related adverse events, and their links to survival. Integrated models, defined here as models that incorporate at least two pharmacodynamic/ outcome variables, are applied to answer drug development questions through simulations, e.

Environmental impact assessment of SONARA's oil sludge landfill in BATOKE, south-west Cameroon.

The focus of this study was to assess the environmental impact of the BATOKE oil sludge dump. A field visit was conducted to evaluate the condition of the site, followed by the sampling of oil sludge, BATOKE river water, soil, and locally grown manioc and macabo tubers. Subsequent physico-chemical characterization revealed parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total hydrocarbons, COD, BOD5, TSS, major cations and anions, as well as heavy metals including iron, copper, zinc, nickel, chromium, lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, calcium, potassium, titanium, zirconium, and rubidium.

Regression of hepatic fibrosis after pharmacological therapy for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

The global incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is escalating considerably. NAFLD covers a range of liver conditions from simple steatosis to the more severe form known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which involves chronic liver inflammation and the transformation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts that generate excess extracellular matrix, leading to fibrosis. Hepatocyte ballooning is a key catalyst for fibrosis progression, potentially advancing to cirrhosis and its decompensated state.

Piperine solubility enhancement via DES formation: Elucidation of intermolecular interactions and impact of counterpart structure via computational and spectroscopic approaches.

The development of new forms of existing APIs with enhanced physicochemical properties is critical for improving their therapeutic potential. In this context, ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique properties and potential for solubility enhancement. In this study, we explore the role of different counterparts in the formation of IL/DESs with piperine (PI), a poorly water-soluble drug.

Multifocal electroretinogram changes after panretinal photocoagulation in early proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) impacts macular function in eyes with early proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Herein, we used the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) to objectively investigate this concept.

Methods: In this prospective interventional case series, we enrolled patients with treatment-naive early PDR, absence of clinically significant macular edema, and requirement for PRP.

Safety and efficacy of the Yamane technique for intraocular three-piece lens implantation in Egyptian patients diagnosed with Marfan syndrome: a retrospective study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the Yamane technique (flanged intrascleral haptic fixation with double-needle technique /FIHFT) for three-piece intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in Egyptian patients diagnosed with Marfan syndrome (MFS) presented with subluxated lenses (ectopia lentis, EL).

Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of thirty-three patients who were diagnosed with MFS and had subluxated lenses in a total of forty eyes. Seven of these patients had bilateral subluxation.

The Role of Antenatal Ultrasound Scans in the Early Detection of Alobar Holoprosencephaly: A Case Report.

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a developmental defect that affects the brain structure due to failure or incomplete division of the prosencephalon at the third week to the fourth week of gestation into cerebral hemispheres. Although the exact cause of HPE remains unclear, it is suspected to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. We report a case of alobar HPE.

A novel stability-indicating chromatographic quantification of the antiparkinsonian drug safinamide in its pharmaceutical formulation employing HPTLC densitometry and ion-pair HPLC-DAD.

Parkinson's disease (PD) emerges as a notable health concern among the elderly population. Safinamide mesylate (SAF) is a novel and emerging add-on therapy in PD treatment. The stability of innovative drug formulations and the development of appropriate stability-indicating methods are of great importance to modern pharmaceutical analysis.

Impact of on Performance, Blood Markers, Immunity, Intestinal Microbiology and Histomorphology in Broiler Chicken.

The study investigated the impact of utilizing leaf powder (RNL) as a phytogenic feed additive on performance, blood markers, intestinal microbiology and histomorphology in broiler chicken. One hundred eighty day-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly divided into four treatment groups having three replicates with fifteen birds each. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets primarily based on maize-soybean were formulated, viz.