Background: To investigate the frequency of restless leg syndrome (RLS), sleep quality impairment, depression, fatigue, and sleep behavior disorder and to determine the effects of surgery on these parameters in radiculopathy patients resistant to conservative treatment.
Methods: The present study included 66 lumbar radiculopathy patients, who were resistant to conservative treatment and had indication of surgery. Five different questionnaires were performed to assess depression (the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)), sleep quality (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)), fatigue (the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS)), and presence of RLS and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD).
Background: A head model for experiencing stereotactic localization will supply familiarity with stereotactic instruments and self confidence for attempters of stereotaxy before real experience.
Method: Plaster of Paris was molded as a model head in a plastic ball. Then, it was partly chipped at its superior half, and metal pieces were inserted into those chipped surfaces.