Mutational analysis of the gene in patients with unilateral retinoblastoma.

Purpose: Retinoblastoma, a childhood cancer originating in the retina, is primarily attributed to pathogenic RB1 mutations The aim of this study is to conduct a mutational analysis of the RB1 gene in cases of unilateral Retinoblastoma among individuals within the Jordanian population.

Methods: In this study, the peripheral blood of 50 unilateral Rb patients was collected, genomic DNA was extracted, and mutations were identified using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis.

Results: In this cohort of 50 unrelated patients with unilateral Rb, the median age at diagnosis was eight months (mean, 12 months; range; 2 weeks to 54 months).

Optimizing Surgical Management for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Eyes with Active Retinoblastoma: A Safety-Driven Approach.

Intraocular surgeries are conventionally contraindicated for patients with active retinoblastoma (Rb) due to the potential risk of tumor dissemination. However, surgery is occasionally necessary to preserve vision in patients with a single eye when the eye is complicated by rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of surgical repair for RRD in pediatric patients with active Rb utilizing a non-drainage scleral buckling approach.

Causes of death and survival analysis for patients with retinoblastoma in Jordan.

Purpose: To analyze causes and prognostic factors for death among Retinoblastoma (Rb) patients treated at a single specialized tertiary cancer center in Jordan.

Methods: We reviewed the mortality causes for all Rb patients who have been treated at the King Hussein Cancer Center between 2003 and 2019 and were followed for at least 3 years after diagnosis. The main outcome measures included demographics, laterality, tumor stage, treatment modalities, metastasis, survival, and causes of death.

A comparison of high risk pathological features between primary and secondary enucleation for retinoblastoma.

Aim: To compare the risk and pattern of High-Risk Pathologic Features (HRPF) in retinoblastoma between primary and secondary enucleation.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 121 eyes from 118 patients who underwent enucleation at the King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) Amman, Jordan, between November 2009 and January 2020. Demographic information, tumor stage, time from diagnosis-to-enucleation, results of pathology, metastasis, and mortality were retrieved.

Presentation and management outcomes of Retinoblastoma among Syrian refugees in Jordan.

Purpose: The humanitarian crisis in Syria has had a profound impact on the entire region. In this study, we report the patterns of presentation and management outcomes of Syrian patients with Retinoblastoma (Rb) treated at a single tertiary cancer center in Jordan.

Methods And Materials: This is a retrospective comparative study of Syrian refugees and Jordanian citizens who had Rb between 2011 and 2020.

Retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma in Jordan: incidence, demographics, and survival (2011-2020).

Purpose: We present an epidemiologic analysis of retinoblastoma (RB) and uveal melanoma (UM) in Jordan to aid national strategies for improved ocular cancer surveillance and control.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of all Jordanian patients with RB and UM diagnosed over 10 years (2011-2020). Outcome measures included incidence, demographics, and outcomes.

Improving Medical Students' Awareness About Retinoblastoma: A Practical Strategy.

Background: Eye salvage and survival for patients with retinoblastoma (RB) can be improved by enhancement of early diagnosis. This study aims to investigate the impact of modifying the teaching curriculum for medical students about awareness of this condition.

Methods: Medical students completed a questionnaire about RB, preluded by a photograph of a child with leukocoria.

A Proposal for Future Modifications on Clinical TNM Staging System of Retinoblastoma Based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, 7 and 8 Editions.

The 8 edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual incorporated new changes from its 7 edition for classifying retinoblastoma (RB). We assessed the comparative prognostic values of the 7 and 8 editions of the AJCC clinical (cTNM) staging manuals for RB and suggested modifications for future edition accordingly. A retrospective, observational study.

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Measurements of the Normal Thickness for the Ciliary Body and the Iris in a Middle East Population.

Purpose: Ciliary body (CB) and iris thicknesses may change with certain eye diseases as well as between different populations. Here, we report Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Measurements (UBM) of the normal thickness for the CB and the iris from a homogenous population in the Middle East.

Patients And Methods: Sonomed 35-MHz (SONOMED, INC.

Safety and Efficacy of Intravitreal Chemotherapy (Melphalan) to Treat Vitreous Seeds in Retinoblastoma.

Active vitreous seeds in eyes with retinoblastoma (Rb) adversely affects the treatment outcome. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal melphalan chemotherapy (IViC) as a treatment for recurrent and refractory vitreous seeds in patients with Rb. We used a retrospective non-comparative study of patients with intraocular Rb who had vitreous seeds and were treated by IViC (20-30 μg of melphalan) using the safety-enhanced anti-reflux technique.

The Predictive Value of the Eighth Edition of the Clinical TNM Staging System for the Likelihood of Eye Salvage for Intraocular Retinoblastoma by Systemic Chemotherapy and Focal Therapy.

Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) cTNM staging is emerging as a universal staging for all cancers, including retinoblastoma.

Methods: Here we evaluated the predictive value of the eighth edition AJCC/UICC cTNM staging in comparison with the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification for eye globe salvage by primary systemic chemotherapy and focal therapy (CRD) using logistic regression model for the probability of treatment failure.

Results: The eye salvage rate for 565 treated eyes was 95% (n=139/147) for T1 tumors (98% for T1a and 93% for T1b), 56% (n=230/410) for T2 (81% for T2a and 53% for T2b), and 0% for T3 tumors, and was 98%, 93%, 76%, and 44% for group A, B, C, and D tumors, respectively.

Prognostic Factors for Eye Globe Salvage by External Beam Radiation Therapy for Resistant Intraocular Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: To analyse the prognostic factors for eye salvage for eyes with intra-ocular retinoblastoma (RB) that is resistant to systemic chemotherapy and focal therapy by external beam radiation therapy (EBRT).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 28 eyes with intra-ocular RB that was resistant for systemic chemotherapy and focal consolidation therapy and received EBRT. Outcome measures included tumor stage at diagnosis, stage migration, type of tumor seeds, treatment modalities, eye globe salvage, metastasis, and survival.

Management and Outcomes of Unilateral Group D Tumors in Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: Retinoblastoma presents most commonly as advanced unilateral disease, particularly in developing countries for which primary enucleation has been the preferred method of treatment. However, with the evolution of newer treatment modalities including intravitreal chemotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy and newer chemotherapeutic combinations, a trend towards more conservative approaches is being observed. Our aim is to evaluate outcomes of group D eyes following conservative and non-conservative treatment options.

How Telemedicine and Centralized Care Changed the Natural History of Retinoblastoma in a Developing Country: Analysis of 478 Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of integrating a telemedicine-based twinning partnership and centralized care for retinoblastoma on survival and eye salvage.

Design: Four hundred seventy-eight retinoblastoma patients treated at a tertiary referral cancer center (King Hussein Cancer Centre [KHCC]) from 2003 through 2019.

Participants: Four hundred seventy-eight retinoblastoma patients treated at KHCC after implementing a telemedicine-based program with St.

Programmed screening for retinoblastoma enhances early diagnosis and improves management outcome for high-risk children.

Purpose: To study the impact of a Retinoblastoma (Rb) screening program in the absence of genetic testing on the management and outcome of high-risk children.

Methods: This is a retrospective, clinical case series of 76 children from families involved in a Rb screening program as they had higher than normal risk as calculated by the conventional ways without genetic testing. Data included calculated risk, method of diagnosis, demographics, tumor features, treatment modalities, and management outcome.

Coats' disease: characteristics, management, outcome, and scleral external drainage with anterior chamber maintainer for stage 3b disease.

To report on the characteristics and outcome of management of Coats' disease, and to describe a novel surgical technique for management of stage 3B with total retinal detachment (RD) by scleral external drainage with anterior chamber (AC-maintainer) placement before the drainage without pars plana vitrectomy.A retrospective study of 26 eyes from 25 Coats' patients. Outcome measures included: demographics, presentation, laterality, stage, treatment, and outcome.

Impact of RB1 gene mutation type in retinoblastoma patients on clinical presentation and management outcome.

Objective/background: Retinoblastoma (RB), the most common intraocular malignancy in children, is caused by biallelic inactivation of the human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1). We are evaluating the impact of the type of RB1 gene mutation on clinical presentation and management outcome.

Methods: A retrospective case series of 50 patients with RB.

The role of external beam radiation therapy for retinoblastoma after failure of combined chemoreduction and focal consolidation therapy.

: To study the role of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for the treatment of retinoblastoma eyes that were not cured by combined systemic chemotherapy and focal consolidation therapy.: A retrospective case series of 28 eyes for 24 retinoblastoma patients treated by EBRT after the failure of tumor controlled by chemotherapy and focal therapy. The main outcome measures included: international intraocular retinoblastoma classification stage (IIRC) and Reese Ellsworth (RE) stage, tumor seeding, treatment modalities, eye salvage, and survival.

Intravitreal Melphalan Chemotherapy for Vitreous Seeds in Retinoblastoma.

Objective: To evaluate our experience with intravitreal melphalan chemotherapy as a second-line regimen for RB patients with refractory or recurrent vitreous seeds.

Methods: A retrospective case series of 16 eyes from 16 patients with intraocular RB who received intravitreal melphalan chemotherapy using the antireflux injection technique. Data included demographics, stage at diagnosis, treatment modalities, side effects, eye salvage, and survival.

Retinoblastoma awareness among first contact physicians in Jordan.

: Early diagnosis and timely management of Retinoblastoma (RB) patients are essential to improve eye salvage and survival rates. The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of knowledge regarding retinoblastoma among first-contact physicians, namely students in last year of medical school, pediatricians, and ophthalmologists. : A questionnaire about RB, preluded by a photograph of a child with leukocoria was completed by 138 medical students, 65 pediatricians, and 65 ophthalmologists.

Characteristics, management, and outcome of squamous carcinoma of the conjunctiva in a single tertiary cancer center in Jordan.

Aim: To evaluate the features and outcome of management of malignant conjunctival squamous tumors in King Hussein Cancer Center (a referral tertiary cancer center in the Middle East).

Methods: Retrospective case series of 31 eyes for 31 patients with conjunctival squamous neoplasia. Main outcome measures included: age, gender, laterality, tumor location, pathological features, tumor stage, treatment modality, and outcome.

Characteristics, management, and outcome of patients with uveal melanoma treated by Iodine-125 radioactive plaque therapy in a single tertiary cancer center in Jordan.

Objective: To evaluate King Hussein Cancer Center experience in using Iodine-125 COMS radioactive plaque for treatment of Uveal Melanoma in Jordan.

Methods: Retrospective case series of eyes with uveal melanoma treated by Iodine-125 COMS radioactive plaque therapy. Data collection required access to medical, radiology, Labs and pathology reports.

The predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging of retinoblastoma for the likelihood of high-risk pathologic features.

Purpose:: To evaluate the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging in retinoblastoma for the likelihood of high-risk pathologic features.

Methods:: A retrospective study of 64 eyes enucleated from 60 retinoblastoma patients. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed before enucleation.

Mutational analysis of the RB1 gene and the inheritance patterns of retinoblastoma in Jordan.

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood cancer developing in the retina due to RB1 pathologic variant. Herein we are evaluating the oncogenic mutations in the RB1 gene and the inheritance patterns of RB in the Jordanian patients. In this prospective study, the peripheral blood of 50 retinoblastoma patients was collected, genomic DNA was extracted, mutations were identified using Quantitative multiplex PCR (QM-PCR), Allele-specific PCR, Next Generation Sequencing analysis, and Sanger sequencing.

Management outcome(s) in eyes with retinoblastoma previously inadequately treated with systemic chemotherapy alone without focal therapy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of management in eyes with intraocular retinoblastoma (RB) that had received inadequate initial therapy (chemotherapy without focal therapy) before eventually receiving necessary consolidation therapy at a tertiary referral center.

Methods: A retrospective observational case series of 30 eyes from 26 RB patients who had initially received systemic chemotherapy as a sole therapy. The main outcome measures were demographics, laterality, International Classification of RB (ICRB), treatments, tumor control, and survival.