Clinical presentation, outcome and management of snakebite cases in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Snakebite envenomation remains a significant public health concern in Asir Province of Saudi Arabia.

Aim: To characterize snake species and the clinical presentation, outcome and management of snakebite cases admitted to 4 major hospitals in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia .

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed medical records of paediatric and adult snakebite cases admitted to 4 regional hospitals in Saudi Arabia between January 2000 and December 2021 using search terms "snakebite", "cobra", "polyvalent antivenin", "antivenom", "compartment syndrome", and "fasciotomy".

Esophageal achalasia presenting as recurrent pneumonia in children: A case series.

Esophageal achalasia (EA) is a rare primary esophageal motility disorder that is considered a rare etiology of dysphagia among infants and children. The proposed primary pathophysiology is related to the loss of ganglion cells in the distal esophageal sphincters, particularly in the Auerbachian muscle layer, which then leads to the dysmotility and failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Dysphagia, vomiting, poor weight gain, cough, and recurrent aspiration pneumonia are the most common presenting complaints.

Partial Obstruction of the Endotracheal Tube by a Part of the Metallic Stylet; Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Endotracheal intubation is common in the emergency department, intensive care units, and operating rooms. It involves the insertion of an endotracheal tube (ETT) through the mouth or nose into the trachea to maintain a patent airway and facilitate mechanical ventilation. Using a stylet during intubation can guide the ETT through the vocal cords.

Clinical, laboratory, and chest radiographic characteristics of COVID-19 associated severe pediatric pneumonia. .

Objectives: To evaluate the demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory data, chest radiographs, and outcomes of pediatric patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: This retrospective study included 34 children who were diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia between August 2020 and July 2021. Severe pneumonia was defined as fever, respiratory distress (tachypnea, chest retractions, and hypoxia [oxygen saturation <90% in room air]), and obvious infiltrations on chest radiography.