Small hydropower generation using pump as turbine; a smart solution for the development of Pakistan's energy.

Energy supply that is sustainable, effective, and economical has a strong association with socio-economic growth, particularly in developing countries such as Pakistan. Due to the ever-increasing gap between supply and demand, Pakistan has become an energy-deficient nation, with most people having no-to-limited access to power. Pakistan has been suffering from power shortages and an energy crisis because of its strong reliance on fossil-fuels to provide expensive electricity.