Modeling Pharmacokinetics in Individual Patients Using Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Artificial Population Quasi-Models: A Study with Piperacillin.

Population pharmacokinetic (pop-PK) models constructed for model-informed precision dosing often have limited utility due to the low number of patients recruited. To augment such models, an approach is presented for generating fully artificial quasi-models which can be employed to make individual estimates of pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on 72 concentrations obtained in 12 patients, one- and two-compartment pop-PK models with or without creatinine clearance as a covariate were generated for piperacillin using the nonparametric adaptive grid algorithm.

The effect of COVID-19 vaccination status on all-cause mortality in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Hungary during the delta wave of the pandemic.

The high mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is effectively reduced by vaccination. However, the effect of vaccination on mortality among hospitalised patients is under-researched. Thus, we investigated the effect of a full primary or an additional booster vaccination on in-hospital mortality among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 during the delta wave of the pandemic.

Assessment of Antibiotic Pharmacokinetics, Molecular Biomarkers and Clinical Status in Critically Ill Adults Diagnosed with Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Receiving Intravenous Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Hydrocortisone over the First Five Days of Intensive Care: An Observational Study (STROBE Compliant).

Severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a condition that frequently requires intensive care and, eventually, can cause to death. Piperacillin/tazobactam antibiotic therapy is employed as an empiric intravenous regimen, in many cases supplemented with intravenous bolus hydrocortisone treatment. The individual and condition-dependent pharmacokinetic properties of these drugs may lead to therapeutic failure.

[The potential role of organic and conventional yoghurt consumption in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease].

Introduction: Health is an important motivation for the consumption of both organic and functional foods. Organic food contains fewer pesticide residues and statistically more selected health-related compounds such as polyphenols in plant products and polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk and meat products. Recent studies suggest that the gut-liver axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, so probiotics could be a therapeutic tool.

[Fat rich diet-induced steatosis and changes in the gut–liver axis].

Introduction: Fatty liver can develop as a result of diseases, surgical procedures, medicaments, malnutrition or excessive alcohol consumption, however, fat and poor fiber feeding can be attributed as the primary cause. Non-alcoholic fatty liver can be found in 20-30% of the population. Generally, alimentary-induced fatty liver in early state is described as uncomplicated liver injury.

The comprehensive characterization of adrenocortical steroidogenesis using two-dimensional ultra-performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

The perturbation of the homeostasis of adrenocortical steroids plays a fundamental role in several pathological conditions. Currently, only a few of the substances involved in steroidogenesis are routinely analysed in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis of these conditions. Recently, interest has grown over the development of clinical assays of endogenous steroids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Sour Cherries Characterized by Different In Vitro Antioxidant Power and Polyphenolic Composition.

The aims of the present study were to clarify in vivo effects of three sour cherry cultivars characterized by different polyphenolic composition in hyperlipidemic animals in a short term experiment. The three different sour cherry cultivars were chosen based on their total in vitro antioxidant capacity, total polyphenolic, monomeric anthocyanin and flavonoid content. Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into eight groups: rats kept on normal diet (control) and normal diet supplied with sour cherry powder of one of the three cultivars; others were kept on fat-rich diet and fat-rich diet supplied with sour cherry powder prepared from one of the three cultivars.

[Automated measurement of biomarkers for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction].

Introduction: Cardiac biomarkers have a prominent role in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

Aim: The aim of the authors was to study the diagnostic effectiveness of automated measurement of cardiac biomarkers.

Method: Myeloperoxidase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, myoglobin, heart-type fatty acid binding protein, creatine kinase, creatine kinase MB, high-sensitivity troponin I and T were measured.

[Effects of magnesium supplementation on calcium and magnesium levels, and redox homeostasis in normolipidemic and food-induced hyperlipidemic rats].

Unlabelled: Magnesium supplementation is quite popular because of intention of health and healthy lifestyle. However, there is no information on the metabolic effects of magnesium supplementation in healthy people and in different diseases.

Aims: Authors examined the effects of magnesium-malate on calcium, magnesium levels, and antioxidant parameters in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rats.

Alterations in the content of metal elements and fatty acids in hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion: induction of apoptotic and necrotic cell death.

Ischaemia and reperfusion are related to oxidative stress, which alters with the redox-homeostasis of the liver cells. Our aim was to reveal the correlations between changes of metal element and fatty acid concentration (two main components of redox-balance) and apoptotic and necrotic processes of hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, sham-operated and reperfusion.

Liver-protecting effects of table beet (Beta vulgaris var. rubra) during ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective: Table beet (Beta vulgaris var. rubra) contains important bioactive agents (betaine and polyphenols), which have a wide range of physiologic effects. Because nutritive antioxidants may reduce the occurrence of complications and postoperative mortality, dietary intake of polyphenols and vitamins before surgery may greatly contribute to the survival of patients.

[Effect of vitamin E supplementation on the vitamin content of lipoprotein in young men and women].

Unlabelled: The effect of supplementary Vitamin E on the vitamin content of lipoproteins in young men and women. Inappropriate vitamin and trace element supplementation may facilitate the development of atherosclerosis. It is known that Vitamin E protects lipids from oxidative stress, while clinical signs of atherosclerosis appear later in women compared to men.

Antioxidant effect of squeezed juice from black radish (Raphanus sativus L. var niger) in alimentary hyperlipidaemia in rats.

Black radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. niger) root has been used in folk medicine since antiquity as a natural drug for the stimulation of bile function.

[Methods of monitoring oxidation-reduction balance and its potential role in diagnostics].

Results of the latest investigations confirm that the injury of redox homeostasis of human organism can be the starting point of many diseases. The pathogenesis of these diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver diseases, renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases could be cleared up more deeply by the investigation of parameters of oxidative stress and by the observation of their changes in connection with the different organ and tissue damages. It is well known, that individuals with lowered antioxidant defences may be at greater risk of developing diseases induced by free radicals.

[Possibilities of monitoring oxidative damage and its clinical aspects].

In their earlier work the authors reviewed some methods, which appeared to be suitable for monitoring the redox-status of the human organism and, therefore, may be applied under routine clinical laboratory circumstances. This possibility can lead to a new perspective to set up epidemiological studies in different populations in order to investigate connecting points between the manner of life, alimentary customs (especially consumption of antioxidants), and the risk of chronic or acute illnesses. In this review the authors surveyed different methods for the measurements of end products (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) produced by cells and tissues through oxidative injury, caused by the free radicals.

Extrahepatic biliary obstruction: can silymarin protect liver function?

The hepatoprotective property of silymarin is well known. However, it is not known whether the antioxidant silymarin might have a beneficial effect in extrahepatic cholestasis in common bile duct ligated rats. Malonaldehyde property concentrations, the hydrogen-donating ability and reducing power were measured in liver homogenates by spectrophotometry, as well as free SH-group levels and glutathione-reductase activities in sera.