A Standardized Ultrasound Scoring System for Preoperative Prediction of Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Purpose: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the treatment of choice for cholelithiasis. Still some patients required conversion to open cholecystectomy (OC). Our aim was to develop a standardized Ultrasound based scoring system for preoperative prediction of difficult LC.

Multifocal giant cell reparative granuloma involving maxilla and mandible: a rare entity.

Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) is a rare lesion that is a reactive process, not a true neoplasm. It was originally coined by Jaffe to describe lesions, which he believed were a response to intraosseous hemorrhage from jaw trauma. Regardless, GCRG is much more distinct from giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone, both histologically and clinically.

Neurocutaneous melanosis: Review of a rare non-familial neuroectodermal dysplasia with newer association of cerebellopontine angle cistern lipoma.

Neurocutaneous melanosis is a rare neuroectodermal dysplasia with a grave prognosis. It is actually a disorder of neuronal migration at the time of the embryogenesis hence classified as a neurocristopathy. The patients are initially identified by the skin manifestations of the disease in the form of melanocytic naevus which can be hairy or non-hairy.

Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients of cardiovascular diseases and its association with hs-CRP and TNF-α.

Background: There is increasing recognition of association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic syndrome is common in both NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases. Our study is designed to investigate the association of NAFLD with cardiovascular disease.

Isolated crural hematoma mimicking retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, a unique sign of traumatic diaphragmatic rupture: a case report.

Diaphragmatic injury following blunt thoracoabdominal trauma is rare and is usually associated with key radiological features like dependent viscera sign, collar sign, diaphragmatic thickening and defects. It may also be associated with secondary signs like intrathoracic herniation of abdominal viscera. Diaphragmatic crura, which are attached to the upper lumbar vertebra represent prominently thickened folds along the posterior diaphragm, are usually inconspicuous on routine Computed Tomography (CT) scans.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: Rare presentation of a rare disease.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare chronic renal infection of unknown pathogenesis characterized by replacement of renal parenchyma by lipid filled macrophages frequently associated with an enlarged, non-functioning kidney and an obstructing calculus. We report a case of a 45 year old non diabetic female who presented with gradually enlarging renal mass with extensive retroperitoneal involvement and a non-functioning kidney with no evidence of obstructing stone or fat density and simulating malignancy. She was diagnosed as stage III Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and managed with radical nephrectomy with favourable outcome.

Image-guided fine-needle aspiration of retroperitoneal masses: The role of the cytopathologist.

Background: Retroperitoneal tumors constitute a difficult diagnostic category as they are not easily accessible. The advent of image-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has resolved this problem significantly.

Aims: We present a short study based on guided aspiration of retroperitoneal tumors, in which we have tried to assess the role of image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology as a tool for pre-operative diagnosis.

Clinical examination vs. MRI: evaluation of diagnostic accuracy in detecting ACL and meniscal injuries in comparison to arthroscopy.

Background: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination and MRI in evaluation of meniscal and ACL injuries using arthroscopic findings as reference standard.

Material/methods: A total of 51 patients with traumatic knee injuries were identified and prospectively followed up with clinical examination, MRI and arthroscopy. Clinical examination and MRI findings were compared with arthroscopic findings.

Bilateral persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous: a close mimic of retinoblastoma.

Bilateral persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is a rare disorder of eye. It is one of the most important differential diagnoses of retinoblastoma, hence early and accurate diagnosis is important. We here report a case of an 11-month-old child which was referred to ocular OPD with complaints of bilateral leukocoria.

Level of accessibility of radiological diagnostic tools of high technology and its effect on human health: study of ultrasonography, CT scan and MRI in different perspective.

The study was conducted at JNMC, Aligarh, India, to discern the obstacles/hurdles that stood in the way of the patients and the high technology diagnostic tool. For this purpose several parameters were taken eg, education/literacy, occupation and income group, etc. From the study 97% chose to undergo USG and only 3% were defaulters; 86% chose to undergo CT scan and only 14% were defaulters; 79% chose to undergo MRI and 21% were defaulters.

Computed Tomography Evaluation of Craniomandibular Articulation in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion and Class I Normal Occlusion Subjects in North Indian Population.

Objective. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Craniomandibular articulation morphology and position of condyle in mandibular fossae in Angle's class I normal occlusion and Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion. Materials and Methods.

Kirner's Deformity Misdiagnosed as Fracture: A Case Report.

Kirner`s deformity or dystelephalangy is a rare entity which presents with painless, progressive, bilateral radiovolar curving of the terminal phalanges of the little fingers. It is a clinicoradiological diagnosis. Herein, we present a case where the patient was being treated as having a fracture of the distal phalanx because of misdiagnosis of Kirner`s deformity.

Isolated pontine tuberculoma presenting as "fou rire prodromique".

The authors present the case of a young child with "fou rire prodromique" as an initial manifestation of pontine tuberculoma. This report is the first description of fou rire prodromique as the presenting sign of CNS tuberculosis. The combination of clinical information and CT findings allowed for precise localization of the lesion and suggested tuberculoma as the possible etiology.

Painless left hemorrhagic pleural effusion: an unusual presentation of leaking saccular aortic arch aneurysm.

Most thoracic aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic and are detected by chance on routine chest imaging for some other reasons. Only rarely it is symptomatic due to leak and dissection which is a potentially life threatening event that commonly presents with severe pain. In this report, we present the case of a 67-year-old man who presented with shortness of breath, intermittent cough, fever, and left sided painless hemorrhagic pleural effusion.

Cancers of unknown primary site.

A patient is considered to have tumour of unknown primary origin when a tumour is detected at one or more metastatic sites and routine evaluation fails to identify a primary tumour. Metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary origin constitutes 3-15% of all cancers and poses a major diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma, because cancer treatment is typically directed at the specific primary tissue type. The regression or dormancy of the primary tumour, the development of early, uncommon systemic metastases and the resistance to therapy are hallmark of this heterogeneous clinical entity.

Solitary vertebral plasmacytoma causing compression fracture in a patient with multiple vertebral hemangiomas: a diagnosis easily missed!

The imaging mimics, acute osteoporotic compression fractures, metastasis and malignant melanoma or plasmacytoma pathological fractures are the important clinical problems in geriatric age group that need to be differentiated due to their grossly differing prognostic and therapeutic implications. There are few suggestive features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that help differentiate between these entities. Hemangiomas are very common benign spinal tumors that have characteristic features on MRI.

Isolated intramedullary spinal cysticercosis in a 10-year-old female showing dramatic response with albendazole.

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system caused by larvae of Taenia solium. Spinal cysticercosis is an uncommon site of cysticercal infection, and isolated intramedullary involvement is even rarer. We present a case of 10-year-old girl who presented with gradual onset paraparesis with sensory loss and bowel and bladder incontinence.

Balo's concentric sclerosis involving bilateral thalami.

Balo's concentric sclerosis (BCS) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease of central nervous system, pathologically characterized by alternate bands of demyelination and preserved myelin tissue. Before the era of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), most cases of BCS were diagnosed on postmortem examination. MRI allows for noninvasive diagnosis by demonstrating characteristic changes which closely parallels the histopathological features of BCS.