Evaluation of olfactory and visual cues for conservation biological control of crape myrtle bark scale in urban landscapes.

Background: Acanthacoccus lagerstroemiae (crape myrtle bark scale, CMBS) is an exotic scale insect that feeds on the sap of crape myrtle trees. Heavy infestations of CMBS reduce flowering and honeydew promotes sooty mold growth on the leaves and branches, reducing the aesthetic value of crape myrtle trees in urban landscapes. Lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are generalist predators that feed on CMBS.

A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL ON CLINICAL EFFICACY OF SODIUM PERBORATE MIXED WITH DISTILLED WATER AND 30% HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN THE LIGHTENING OF NON-VITAL DISCOLOURED ANTERIOR TEETH.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of sodium perborate mixed with distilled water and sodium perborate mixed with 30% hydrogen peroxide as non-vital bleaching agent of anterior discolored teeth.

Materials And Methods: A randomized controlled trial was undertaken among 61 patients who presented with 70 discolored anterior teeth at the Conservative and Family Dentistry Clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. The 70 teeth were randomly allocated into two groups of treatments.

FLUORIDE CONTENT OF COMMERCIALLY PACKAGED SACHET WATER IN IBARAPA LAND, SOUTHWEST, NIGERIA.

Background: Fluoride concentration (F conc) in water is a major determinant for the occurrence of dental caries and dental fluorosis. In most homes of rural communities, especially in developing countries, there is a major reliance on sachet water as an alternate low-cost drinking water. This study aims to determine the fluoride concentrations of common commercially packaged sachet water in Ibarapa land, Southwestern, Nigeria.

Using traditional rhyme (folk song) as a tool for oral hygiene promotion (UTRATOHP) among children in rural communities in Nigeria: A protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Most oral diseases are caused by poor oral hygiene, and with adequate oral hygiene measures, they are easily preventable. The use of folk songs to deliver oral health education may likely hold a huge potential for success and an increased likelihood of acceptability and sustainability among school children. Therefore, an investigation into the effectiveness of methods that would be culturally appropriate and sustainable, such as folk songs, is essential.

PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING AND ALCOHOL USE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGERIA.

Background: Cigarette and alcohol use are the most common causes of noncommunicable diseases. Studies related to cigarette and alcohol use among Nigerian adolescents have shown increases in the habits and require urgent intervention. Nationally representative data is needed to develop effective national policies and interventions, but this is lacking.

Developing an Oral Hygiene Education Song for Children and Teenagers in Nigeria.

Background: Oral diseases mainly caused by poor oral hygiene are a major public health problem affecting over half of the world's population. Oral hygiene education targeted at children and teenagers in schools is an important approach in addressing this problem. Folk songs in the language and cultural context children and teenagers are familiar with appears to be a promising tool and alternative to traditional oral hygiene education.

MISSED DIAGNOSIS OF ISOLATED BILATERAL TRANSVERSE FACIAL CLEFT: A CASE REPORT.

Introduction: Bilateral transverse facial cleft is the most common of the rare facial clefts and early presentation is a key element for successful management and prevention of possible complications like poor esthetics, speech and eating difficulties. Though several studies have documented reasons for late presentation, none has highlighted non-referral due to missed diagnosis by healthcare workers as a reason.

Case Report: A nine-year-old girl was brought by her parents to the Primary Oral Health Clinic on account of "very wide mouth" noticed at birth.

Prevention of Dental Caries in Nigeria: A Narrative Review of Strategies and Recommendations from 1999 to 2019.

Objectives: This narrative review aimed to show the approaches recommended for the prevention of dental caries in Nigeria by epidemiological surveys (P), primary preventive methods and strategies,( I) comparison preferred by experts (C) in the prevention of dental caries (O).

Methods: An electronic literature search of some databases such as Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Google Scholar, African Journal Online (AJOL) and Medline was conducted using these keywords delimited by Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT: "dental caries" "prevention" "Nigeria. Epidemiological studies using WHO criteria published in English between 1999 and 2019 were included in this study.

SELF-MEDICATION PROFILE OF DENTAL PATIENTS ATTENDING A NORTH EASTERN TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN NIGERIA.

Background: Self-medication is widely practiced worldwide. Literatures abound on its use for medical ailments but there is paucity of information for dental complaints especially in Northeastern Nigeria. Hence, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of self-medication for dental problems before dental consultation and its associated factors among patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital (FTH), Dental and Maxillofacial Outpatient Clinic, Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria.

POTENTIAL OF TELEDENTISTRY IN THE DELIVERY OF ORAL HEALTH SERVICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES.

In developing countries, access to qualified medical personnel especially oral health care specialists by inhabitants of rural and remote areas remain a challenge due to the fact that these personnel are mostly located in urban communities. Teledentistry is an approach that will eliminate the problem of distance between qualified oral health care personnel and potential patients in rural and remote communities. The objective of this review is to investigate the history of teledentistry and its practical application in overcoming the rural-urban oral health care problems.

Knowledge and practices of blood pressure measurement among final year students, house officers, and resident dental surgeons in a dental hospital, South West Nigeria.

Objectives: To assess the knowledge and practices of blood pressure measurement (BPM) among final year students, house officers, and resident dental surgeons.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study consisting of a convenience sample of all final year students, house officers, and resident dental surgeons in a dental hospital in South West Nigeria was conducted. All participants were requested to complete a 16-item questionnaire about their knowledge of accurate BPM.

Fluoride intake and urinary fluoride excretion in 4- and 8-year-old children living in urban and rural areas of Southwest Nigeria.

Objectives: To estimate and compare total daily fluoride intake (TDFI), daily urinary fluoride excretion (DUFE), daily fluoride retention (DFR), fractional urinary fluoride excretion (FUFE) and fractional fluoride retention (FFR) in 4- and 8 year-old Nigerians and explore associations between these outcomes to improve understanding of fluoride metabolism.

Methods: Using a cross-sectional observational study, 72 four-year-olds and 72 eight-year-olds were recruited from nursery and primary schools (respectively) in lower and higher water F areas of urban and rural localities in Oyo State, southwest Nigeria. TDFI from diet and toothpaste ingestion was assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire and visual scale of toothpaste used during toothbrushing.

DEVELOPMENT OF A TOOL FOR DISPELLING MYTHS ASSOCIATED WITH NATAL/NEONATAL TEETH: "" A HEALTH EDUCATION VIDEO IN A NATIVE NIGERIAN LANGUAGE.

Studies have revealed that Nigerians irrespective of social class have negative attitudes and practices towards children born with natal teeth and those who erupt teeth within the first 30 days of life. This has been associated with the strong cultural myths and beliefs that exist among the populace. Children with natal teeth and their families have been stigmatized and are believed to be cursed.

A short report on tooth replacement in an older suburban population in Nigeria.

Objectives: To determine: the knowledge of the participants about removable dentures, importance of tooth replacement; prevalence of tooth loss and denture use; and factors associated with its non-use among an elderly population in Nigeria.

Background: Tooth loss without replacement can impact negatively on the quality of life of the elders, thus making use of denture a basic requirement for those with partial or complete edentulous arches in developed countries. It is, however, not known if this is the case among elders in suburban Nigeria.

Prevalence and extent of enamel defects in the permanent teeth of 8-year-old Nigerian children.

Objectives: Enamel formation is a vulnerable developmental process, susceptible to environmental influences such as excessive systemic fluoride (F) exposure and infant/childhood disease. This study determined prevalence and extent of developmental enamel defects (DDE) and dental fluorosis in 8-year-old Nigerians and explored associations with key predictors.

Methods: A sample of 322 healthy 8-year-olds (155 males, 167 females) from primary schools in lower and higher water F areas of (i) rural and (ii) urban parts of Oyo State in south-west Nigeria (n = 4 areas) (in which the mean (SD) F concentration of community water supplies ranged from 0.

Tooth loss among the elders in an inner city area of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with tooth loss among elders in an inner city area of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Background: Tooth loss is an indication of the oral health of a population, and the possible effects of oral health on general health of the elders has been reported.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 392 consenting elders in Idikan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Dental care seeking behaviour of children in a rural Nigerian community.

Background: There is sparse information about oral health seeking behaviour of children in rural areas of developing countries. The aim of the Study was to determine the dental care seeking-behaviour of children attending the first rural based community oral health centre in Nigeria.

Methods: A retrospective review of records of patients aged 16 years or younger treated at the Primary Oral Health Care Centre in Ibarapa, Nigeria over six years was conducted.

Perception of patients attending a tertiary hospital in Nigeria about good dental practice: a pilot study.

Background: Criteria for a good dental practice as expressed by patients have influence on their behavior in terms of compliance with clinical advice, less pain and anxiety and more utilization of dental care.

Objective: To assess the opinion of patients attending the dental clinic of a tertiary hospital Southwestern, Nigeria about their perception of a good dental practice.

Materials And Methods: A 16 item semi-structured bi-lingual interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising socio-demographic characteristics and 24 criteria of a good dental practice generated by clinicians and patients was administered to 156 patients who were blinded from knowing which criteria were clinicians' or patients' criteria.

Effectiveness of an oral health care training workshop for school teachers: a pilot study.

Background: School teachers play key roles in imparting appropriate and up-to-date knowledge to pupils and students. However, most teachers in developing countries like Nigeria have poor knowledge and motivation about oral health which may be due to inadequate training in the area of oral health. This might be one of the reasons for the poor oral hygiene among them and their students.

Dental education in the rural community: a Nigerian experience.

At the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, dental students are prepared not only to provide skilled care to individual patients, but also to assume responsibility for the community as a whole. In establishing the rural posting program for dental students, it was planned that all fifth year dental students would undertake a rural posting at Igboora, approximately 80 km from Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State. During this 6 week immersion experience students learn about living in a rural area where they provide community oral health services.

Improvised source of water coolant for ultrasonic scaler: an appropriate technology in underserved communities.

Traditionally dental plaque, calculus and stains have been removed by scaling and polishing manually with hand instruments such as curettes, chisels, hoes and scalers. However, ultrasonic scaling is becoming the preferred method of initial periodontal treatment and maintenance, due to improved patient and operator comfort. Ultrasonic scaling can be performed effectively using pipe-borne water as coolant.

Some socio-demographic attributes as covariates in tooth wear among males in a rural community in Nigeria.

Background: Association between some socio-demographic attributes and tooth wear among adult male population in a rural community of Igbo-ora, Southwestern Nigeria was investigated in this cross-sectional study.

Methods: Cross-sectional study among 200 consenting adult males in Igbo-ora was carried out using a 10-item semi-structured questionnaire to obtain data on socio-demographics. Oral examination to establish the presence of tooth wear lesions was carried out by two examiners.

Survival rates of two atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) types in occlusal carious permanent teeth after two years.

Objective: To compare survival rates of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) restorations placed with and without conditioners in occlusal cariouspermanent teeth after two years.

Material And Methods: The study was an experimental study among children, mean age 13.1 +/- 3.

Psychosocial aspect of anterior tooth discoloration among adolescents in igbo-ora, southwestern Nigeria.

Background: Aesthetic problems in adolescence can have a significant effect on their psychosocial development. Abnormalities in tooth color can lead to such problem especially if it affects anterior teeth.

Objective: This study therefore assessed the effects of anterior tooth discoloration on the psychosocial well-being of adolescents with a view to providing information that will aid the prevention and treatment of this dental problem.