Microvascular anatomy of the cerebellar parafloccular perforating space.

Objective: The cerebellopontine angle is a common site for tumor growth and vascular pathologies requiring surgical manipulations that jeopardize cranial nerve integrity and cerebellar and brainstem perfusion. To date, a detailed study of vessels perforating the cisternal surface of the middle cerebellar peduncle-namely, the paraflocculus or parafloccular perforating space-has yet to be published. In this report, the perforating vessels of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) in the parafloccular space, or on the cisternal surface of the middle cerebellar peduncle, are described to elucidate their relevance pertaining to microsurgery and the different pathologies that occur at the cerebellopontine angle.

Self-closing aneurysm clip: a historical review.

Objective: To analyse the self-closing aneurysm clip historical evolution.

Materials And Methods: The authors reviewed the self-closing aneurysm clip's 50-year history. Major neurosurgical books, journals, testimonials, authors' personal experience, and scientific databases were analysed.

Brain retractor systems.

Objective: Reviews of the brain retractor evolution are described. Instrument characteristics as well as the physiopathological and histopathological damage of the brain are induced by brain retraction.

Materials And Methods: The literature related to the brain retractor was reviewed.

Baseball bats: a silent weapon.

Objective: The objective of this work was to understand how the baseball bat is a silent weapon. The baseball bat has been utilized illegally in different areas of the world. In the past, several case reports are known for their lethal effect.