Effects of Integrated Vector Management in the Control of Malaria Infection: An Intervention Study in a Malaria Endemic Community in Nigeria.

Background/aim: Malaria is a vector borne disease with high morbidity and mortality in endemic regions. In view to eliminating the disease, integrated vector and environmental hygiene practices have been advocated. There is paucity of studies on the effect of vector control measures on asymptomatic malaria infection which has been observed to be a reflection of malaria transmission.

Evaluation of Asymptomatic Malaria Antigenaemia and Parasitaemia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children in Benin City, Nigeria.

Background: Malaria and HIV/AIDS are rampant in subSaharan Africa with prevalence of one reinforcing the other and control of one impactful on control of the other. Malaria parasitaemia (MP) prevalence is increased in HIV-infected individuals while certain drugs used in latter cause decline in MP but it is uncertain how they affect malaria antigenaemia (MA). How certain bio-social and disease characteristics affect MA and MP in this cohort is unknown.

A Case Report of Gene Mutation Alport Syndrome in 2 Native African Children.

Alport syndrome is a heterogeneous genetic disease involving the basement membrane of the glomeruli, inner ear, retina, and lens capsule. It typically manifests as progressive glomerulopathy that frequently results in end-stage renal disease, high-tone sensorineural deafness, and ocular abnormalities of anterior lenticonus and yellow and white dots and flecks on the macular of the retina. In this report, we describe the cases of 2 siblings: 15- and 13-year-old boys of pure African descent with the gene mutation.

Current State of Malaria Endemicity in Egor South-South Region, Nigeria.

Background: BACKGROUND:Existing malaria endemicity classification puts Egor, as holoendemic. Some decades after this classification, there is need to determine the current malaria endemicity of the locale using malariometric indices of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and spleen rates.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey involved apparently healthy school children aged 2-9 years; using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling technique.

Acute kidney injury and mortality in pediatric Lassa fever versus question of access to dialysis.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and its impact on outcome in hospitalized pediatric patients with Lassa fever (LF).

Methods: We reviewed the presenting clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of 40 successive hospitalized children with PCR-confirmed LF. The diagnosis and staging of AKI was based on KDIGO criteria.

Electrocardiographic findings in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Benin City, Nigeria.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global pandemic affecting mostly sub-Saharan Africa. It is a multisystem disease. Cardiovascular involvement detected by electrocardiogram (ECG) has been described mostly in adult populations with few studies on children.

Assessment of Use of National Guidelines for Malaria Case Management among Pediatric Resident Doctors Attending an Update Course in Benin City, Nigeria.

Introduction: The National Malaria Guideline is a veritable tool for appropriate case management of malaria. Whether the pediatric residents who are the primary caregivers of children know and make use of this guideline in their routine practice is not yet assessed.

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the awareness of the Nigerian pediatric residents of the national guidelines for malaria case management (including antimalarial prescription for uncomplicated and severe malaria).

Glomerular hyperfiltration in excess weight adolescents.

Background: Childhood overweight/obesity burden is on the rise worldwide. Obesity affects virtually all organs. In the kidney, glomerular hyperfiltration that manifests as elevated glomerular filtration rate is a frequent manifestation in obesity.

A Study of Malaria Parasite Density in HIV-1 Positive Under-fives in Benin City, Nigeria.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and malaria are leading causes of morbidity and mortality among under-fives in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV infection could affect development of antimalarial immunity by impaired parasite clearance with predisposition to higher malaria parasitaemia.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess asymptomatic malaria parasite density (AMPD) in HIV-1-infected under-fives in a holoendemic zone.

Impact of home-based management on malaria outcome in under-fives presenting in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria.

Background: Home-based management of malaria involves prompt delivery of effective malaria treatment at the community by untrained caregiver. The aim of this study was to document home-based treatment of suspected malaria by non-medical caregivers and to identify its health impact on malaria outcome (severe malaria prevalence, parasite load and mortality) in children (6-59 months).

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out from June 2012-July 2013.

Prevalence of congenital malaria in newborns of mothers co-infected with HIV and malaria in Benin city.

Background: HIV and Plasmodium falciparum malaria co-infection annually complicates about one million pregnancies in sub-Saharan Africa. Congenital malaria (CM) has deleterious effects on newborns. Little is known about the effect of co-infections on the prevalence of CM in infants born by these women.

Caregivers' vector control methods and their impact on malaria outcome in under-five presenting in tertiary health institution in Nigeria.

Background And Aims: Integrated vector control especially use of insecticide-treated bed nets have been reported as effective malaria preventive strategies. This study aimed at documenting factors that influence regular use of insecticide-treated nets in under-fives and impact of vector control methods on malaria outcome (severe malaria prevalence and mortality) in under-fives presenting in a tertiary health institution in Nigeria.

Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out from June 2012 and July 2013.

Effect of HIV-1 Serostatus on the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia Among Children Less Than 5 Years of Age in Benin City, Nigeria.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Plasmodium falciparum malaria are 2 of the gravest health threats in sub-Saharan Africa. Multiple repeat infections with the malaria parasite as seen in endemic areas are necessary to develop specific malaria immunity. HIV is an immunosuppressive virus and in children aged <5 years, development of malaria-specific immunity may be impaired and malaria parasite clearance in theory will be delayed; hence the predisposition to increased incidence of asymptomatic malaria or severe malaria.

Neonatal hyperthermia and thermal stress in low- and middle-income countries: a hidden cause of death in extremely low-birthweight neonates.

Background: Over 70% of neonatal deaths in Nigeria occur within the first 7 days of life and, despite the millennium development goals, there has been no significant reduction of this figure.

Objective: To investigate how rapid changes of temperature outside the physiologically allowable range in extremely low-birthweight infants are associated with increased mortality.

Methods: Ninety-eight neonatal cases in three Nigerian tertiary-care hospitals were retrospectively recruited; on the basis of birthweight  < 1500 g, this number was reduced to 41 for a two-stage analysis.

Challenges and frugal remedies for lowering facility based neonatal mortality and morbidity: a comparative study.

Millennium development goal target on infant mortality (MDG4) by 2015 would not be realised in some low-resource countries. This was in part due to unsustainable high-tech ideas that have been poorly executed. Prudent but high impact techniques could have been synthesised in these countries.

Intestinal helminthiasis in children with chronic neurological disorders in Benin City, Nigeria: intensity and behavioral risk factors.

Background: Behavioral aberrations such as nail biting, finger sucking, and pica have been postulated as risk factors that enhance helminths ova transmission. These aberrations may present commonly in children with chronic neurological disorders and predispose them to heavy intensity of intestinal helminthiasis. This comparative cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence, intensity, and behavioral risk factors for intestinal helminthiasis in children with chronic neurological disorders and apparently healthy controls.

Determinants of cord care practices among mothers in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

Background: Mothers care for their infants' umbilical cord stump in various ways. Different cord care practices have been documented; some are beneficial while others are harmful. Who and what influence the cord care practiced by mothers have, however, not been fully explored particularly in the study locale.

Co-existence of urinary tract infection and malaria among children under five years old: a report from Benin City, Nigeria.

Children with fever are a majority in the various emergency rooms all over the world, and especially in the tropics. Most in sub-Saharan Africa will be treated for malaria, whether confirmed or not. It therefore follows that some of the morbidities other than malaria may go undiagnosed.

Familial prune belly syndrome in a Nigerian family.

A case of Prune Belly Syndrome in an infant, the second in a middle class family with both parents in their late thirties, is presented because of its rarity. Constraints in the management are discussed and relevant literature reviewed. This is intended to awaken interest and sharpen indices of suspicion that would facilitate early diagnosis, enhance management, and mitigate prejudices.

Mucocutaneous manifestation of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in relation to degree of immunosuppression: a study of a West African population.

Background: Mucocutaneous lesions occur at one point or the other during the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. These lesions can be the initial presenting features but could also be a pointer to the presence of immunosuppression.

Aim And Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the pattern of mucocutaneous manifestation in children who have human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in relation to their level of immunosuppression.

Community survey of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among primary school pupils in Benin City, Nigeria.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuro-developmental condition with early onset. ADHD affects children worldwide. However, there is a variation in the prevalence across different countries.

Peak expiratory flow rate variability in apparently healthy school children aged 10-15 years in Oredo, Nigeria.

Objective: To study the peak expiratory flow rate variability (PEFRVar) in apparently healthy school children in Oredo, Nigeria.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study of 438 subjects (10-15 years), attending the public junior secondary schools, between March and November 2005. The study took place in the Oredo Local Government Area.

Ultrasound assessment of renal size in healthy term neonates: a report from Benin City, Nigeria.

Knowledge of the normal range of renal size is useful in appreciating variations that may occur due to morbidities. Ultrasound is a simple and safe method of evaluating renal sizes in all age groups. This is a prospective study of the assessment of renal dimensions in apparently healthy neonates at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Survey of childhood enuresis in the Ehor community, the EDO State, Nigeria.

A community survey of enuresis was carried out in November/December 2002 among 300 apparently healthy children aged 5-16 years selected systematically from the Ehor Local Government Area in Edo State, Nigeria. This was done with the aim of ascertaining the true prevalence of the disease and the contributions of some organic causative factors. The overall prevalence of enuresis was 21.

Pattern of emergency neurologic morbidities in children.

Neurologic morbidities seen in the children's emergency facility of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, over a five-year period (July 1996-June 2001) was evaluated to determine the pattern and outcome. Notes and ward records of patients with neurologic morbidities were retrieved. Data obtained from these sources include age, sex principal diagnosis, duration of stay and outcome.