Shrimp White Spot Viral Infections Are Attenuated by Organic Acids by Regulating the Expression of HO-1 Oxygenase and β-1,3-Glucan-Binding Protein.

The absence of efficient on-farm interventions against white spot syndrome viral (WSSV) infections can cause significant economic losses to shrimp farmers. With this exploratory study we aimed to test, both in vitro and in vivo, the efficacy of an organic acid mixture (Aq) against WSSV infections in shrimp. In vitro, using shrimp gut primary cells (SGP), 2% Aq significantly reduced WSSV infection and the amounts of HO released but had no impact on CAT and SOD expression.

Critical key points for anesthesia in experimental research involving sheep ().

Anesthesia and analgesia have a major impact on ensuring animal welfare and safety, resulting in reduced stress response and effective pain control, ensuring the comfort of the animal, promoting faster recovery, and reducing the risk of complications associated with various research procedures. Each stage of anesthesia in sheep is vital for maintaining the animal's welfare, ensuring procedural success, minimizing stress, risks, and complications, and optimizing the quality of research data. Proper attention to detail and adherence to best practices at each stage contribute to the overall success of anesthesia management in sheep.

Microbiological and Molecular Investigation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Isolates from Western Romanian Dairy Farms: An Epidemiological Approach.

Antimicrobial therapy is the most frequently used medical intervention for bovine mastitis in the dairy industry. This study aims to monitor the extent of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) problem in in the dairy industry in Western Romania. Twenty farms were selected by random sampling in a transverse epidemiological study conducted across four counties in Western Romania and divided into livestock units.

Organic acids mitigate Streptococcus agalactiae virulence in Tilapia fish gut primary cells and in a gut infection model.

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae, a Gram-positive bacterium, has emerged as an important pathogen for the aquaculture industry worldwide, due to its increased induced mortality rates in cultured fish. Developing interventions to cure or prevent infections based on natural alternatives to antibiotics has become a priority, however, given the absence of scientific evidence regarding their mode of action progress has been slow.

Methods: In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of a mixture of organic acids (natural antimicrobials), AuraAqua (Aq), on the virulence of S.

Blends of Organic Acids Are Weaponizing the Host iNOS and Nitric Oxide to Reduce Infection of in vitro.

For the last 30 years, has caused major economic losses to the aquaculture industry as the aetiological agent for the piscirickettsiosis disease. Replacing the current interventions, based on antibiotics, with natural alternatives (e.g.

The mechanistic role of natural antimicrobials in preventing Staphylococcus aureus invasion of MAC-T cells using an in vitro mastitis model.

Background: Starting primarily as an inflammation of the mammary gland, mastitis is frequently driven by infectious agents such as Staphylococcus aureus. Mastitis has a large economic impact globally, which includes diagnostic, treatment, and the production costs not to mention the potential milk contamination with antimicrobial residues. Currently, mastitis prevention and cure depends on intramammary infusion of antimicrobials, yet, their overuse risks engendering resistant pathogens, posing further threats to livestock.

Natural Antimicrobials Block the Host NF-κB Pathway and Reduce Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo.

The objective of this work was to investigate, for the first time, the antioxidant effect of a mixture of natural antimicrobials in an (EHP) shrimp-gut model of infection and the biological mechanisms involved in their way of action. The study approach included investigations, firstly, in vitro, on shrimp-gut primary (SGP) epithelial cells and in vivo by using EHP-challenged shrimp. Our results show that exposure of EHP spores to 0.

Natural Antimicrobials Promote the Anti-Oxidative Inhibition of COX-2 Mediated Inflammatory Response in Primary Oral Cells Infected with , and .

, and can colonize the tooth root canals, adhere to dentin walls, and frequently cause periodontitis in dogs. Bacterial periodontal diseases are common in domesticated pets, causing severe oral cavity inflammation and a strong immune response. This study investigates the antioxidant effect of a natural antimicrobial mixture (Auraguard-Ag) on the ability of , and to infect primary canine oral epithelial cells as well as its impact on their virulence factors.

The Effect Citrox BCL on Mechanisms of Biofilm Formation, Oxidative Stress and Virulence.

is responsible for causing Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever, also known as legionellosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanistic effect of a mixture of natural antimicrobials (Citrox BCL) in preventing biofilm formation and reducing its in vitro virulence. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were detected at 0.

Essential Fatty Acids as Biomedicines in Cardiac Health.

The destructive impact of cardiovascular diseases on health, including heart failure, peripheral artery disease, atherosclerosis, stroke, and other cardiac pathological conditions, positions these health conditions as leading causes of increased global mortality rates, thereby impacting the human quality of life. The considerable changes in modern lifestyles, including the increase in food intake and the change in eating habits, will unavoidably lead to an unbalanced consumption of essential fatty acids, with a direct effect on cardiovascular health problems. In the last decade, essential fatty acids have become the main focus of scientific research in medical fields aiming to establish their impact for preventing cardiovascular diseases and the associated risk factors.

The Antimicrobial Effect of a Commercial Mixture of Natural Antimicrobials Against Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Ruminants are important reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7 and are considered as the major source of most foodborne outbreaks (e.g.

The in vitro and ex vivo effect of Auranta 3001 in preventing and infection.

Background: is a major cause of diarrhea worldwide in both humans and farm animals with no completely effective treatment available at present. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of Auranta 3001 (0.1, 0.

ATP6AP1 deficiency causes an immunodeficiency with hepatopathy, cognitive impairment and abnormal protein glycosylation.

The V-ATPase is the main regulator of intra-organellar acidification. Assembly of this complex has extensively been studied in yeast, while limited knowledge exists for man. We identified 11 male patients with hemizygous missense mutations in ATP6AP1, encoding accessory protein Ac45 of the V-ATPase.

Clinico-pathological manifestations of variant late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (vLINCL) caused by a novel mutation in MFSD8 gene.

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) refers to a growing heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by lysosomal accumulation of abnormal autofluorescent material. NCLs are traditionally classified clinically according to their age of onset. Variable late infantile NCL (vLINCL) is the most genetically heterogeneous subtype as it has been shown to be caused by mutations in at least six genes.

Iron-rich ferritin in the hypoxia-tolerant rodent Spalax ehrenbergi: a naturally-occurring biomarker confirms the internalization and pathways of intracellular macromolecules.

The discovery of pits/caveolae in the plasmalemma advanced the study of macromolecule internalization. "Transcytosis" describes the transport of macromolecular cargo from one front of a polarized cell to the other within membrane-bounded carrier(s), via endocytosis, intracellular trafficking and exocytosis. Clathrin-mediated transcytosis is used extensively by epithelial cells, while caveolae-mediated transcytosis mostly occurs in endothelial cells.

What's in a name?-"Lipolysosome": ultrastructural features of a lipid-containing organelle.

The prevalence of fatty liver is rising not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. The authors describe the ultrastructure of 12 biopsies from 10 males and 2 females aged 7-18 years. All subjects had fatty liver by ultrasonography and were overweight or obese according to BMI classification.

Pronounced cancer resistance in a subterranean rodent, the blind mole-rat, Spalax: in vivo and in vitro evidence.

Background: Subterranean blind mole rats (Spalax) are hypoxia tolerant (down to 3% O2), long lived (>20 years) rodents showing no clear signs of aging or aging related disorders. In 50 years of Spalax research, spontaneous tumors have never been recorded among thousands of individuals. Here we addressed the questions of (1) whether Spalax is resistant to chemically-induced tumorigenesis, and (2) whether normal fibroblasts isolated from Spalax possess tumor-suppressive activity.

Infantile mitochondrial hepatopathy is a cardinal feature of MEGDEL syndrome (3-methylglutaconic aciduria type IV with sensorineural deafness, encephalopathy and Leigh-like syndrome) caused by novel mutations in SERAC1.

3-Methylglutaconic aciduria (3-MGCA) type IV is defined as a heterogeneous group of inborn errors featuring in common 3-MGCA and associated with primary mitochondrial dysfunction leading to a spectrum of multisystem conditions. We studied four patients who presented at birth with a clinical picture simulating a primary mitochondrial hepatic disorder consistent with the MEGDEL syndrome including 3-MGCA, sensorineural deafness, encephalopathy and a brain magnetic resonance imaging with signs of Leigh disease. All affected children displayed biochemical features consistent with mitochondrial OXPHOS dysfunction including hepatic mitochondrial DNA depletion in one patient.

Poor lysosomal membrane integrity in proximal tubule cells of haptoglobin 2-2 genotype mice with diabetes mellitus.

The haptoglobin (Hp) genotype is a major determinant of progression of nephropathy in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). The major function of the Hp protein is to bind and modulate the fate of extracorpuscular hemoglobin and its iron cargo. We have previously demonstrated an interaction between the Hp genotype and the DM on the accumulation of iron in renal proximal tubule cells.

Effects of novel neuroprotective and neurorestorative multifunctional drugs on iron chelation and glucose metabolism.

Iron accumulation and iron-related oxidative stress are involved in several pathological conditions and provide a rationale for the development of iron chelators as novel promising therapeutic strategies. Thus, we have recently synthesized multifunctional non-toxic, brain permeable iron chelating compounds, M30 and HLA20, possessing the neuroprotective N-propargyl moiety of the anti-Parkinsonian drug, monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor, rasagiline and the antioxidant-iron chelating moiety of an 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative of the iron chelator, VK28. Here, we examined the hepatic regulatory effects of these novel compounds using two experimental approaches: chelation activity and glucose metabolism parameters.

Inhibition of doxorubicin-induced autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells by sorafenib--the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase counteraction.

A multikinase inhibitor of the Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, sorafenib, is increasingly being used in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma, and its combination with conventional chemotherapeutics has stimulated particular interest. Although the combination of sorafenib with doxorubicin (DOX) is presently being investigated in a phase III randomized trial, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of their interaction. Because DOX causes cell death through upregulation of the MEK/ERK pathway, and sorafenib has an opposite influence on the same cascade, we hypothesized that co-treatment with these drugs may lead to an antagonistic effect.

Ultrastructural aspects of iron storage, transport and metabolism.

The iron storage proteins, ferritin and hemosiderin, enable electron microscopic visualization thanks to their electron-dense iron content, which is not present in other compounds involved in transport or metabolism of iron such as transferrin, lactoferrin, or hemoglobin. It is this electron density which contributed to the unraveling of stages in absorption, transport, deposition, storage, and release of iron. In recent years, additional methods of investigation have further supported the information achieved by the ultrastructural studies.

Severe lysosomal storage disease of liver in del(1)(p36): a new presentation.

1p36 deletion is the most common terminal deletion syndrome with an estimated occurrence of 1:5000 live births. The deletion is of variable size. It usually involves less than 10 Mb in the 1pter-1p36.

Ultrastructural aspects of enterocyte defects in infancy and childhood.

Although there has been substantial progress in the identification of diarrheal diseases in infancy and childhood, electron microscopy may be still required for establishing diagnosis, staging, and response to therapy. This review describes severe conditions in which histopathologic examination alone cannot provide a firm diagnosis needed for therapeutic decisions. Microvillus inclusion disease, in its several variants, typifies this category.