Analysis of the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the native rabies virus glycoprotein purified by Lens culinaris lectin affinity chromatography.

Rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) is responsible for the recognition of specific cell surface receptors and induces the production of neutralizing antibodies (VNA). Since RABV-G is a glycoprotein, this work aimed to evaluate Lens culinaris (LCA) chromatography as a simple and effective purification method. The purity and identification of the protein obtained were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, ELISA and lectin-binding assay.

Seroepidemiological survey to cell culture rabies vaccines (CCRV) in Brazil.

Rabies is a contagious viral disease that can be easily transmitted by the saliva and brain/nervous system tissues of the infected animals, causing severe and fatal encephalitis in both animals and humans. Vaccination campaigns are crucial to combat and prevent rabies's spread in dogs and humans. The Modified Fuenzalida & Palicios vaccines have been widely used since the 70s and have proven effective in producing a solid serological response.

Rabies virus isolated from insectivorous bats induces different inflammatory responses in experimental model.

Rabies virus (RABV) is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal neuroinflammation in mammals. The insectivorous bat RABV strains are less pathogenic for mice than strains associated with other reservoirs. We characterized the tissue inflammatory response in the CNS of RABV isolated from insectivorous bats.

A comparative review of serological assays for the detection of rabies virus-specific antibodies.

Rabies is a major public health problem with a fatality rate close to 100%, caused by a virus of the Lyssavirus genus, of which rabies virus (RABV) is the prototype. Nonetheless, the complete prevention can be achieved by the induction of neutralizing antibodies by pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis. According to the world health organization (WHO) and World Organization for animal health (OIE), serum titers of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) that are higher or equal to 0.

Serological Surveillance of Rabies in Free-Range and Captive Common Vampire Bats .

The control of vampire bat rabies (VBR) in Brazil is based on the culling of and the surveillance of outbreaks caused by in cattle and humans in addition to vaccination of susceptible livestock. The detection of anti-rabies antibodies in vampire bats indicates exposure to the rabies virus, and several studies have reported an increase of these antibodies following experimental infection. However, the dynamics of anti-rabies antibodies in natural populations of remains poorly understood.

Glycosylation is required for the neutralizing activity of human IgG1 antibodies against human rabies induced by pre-exposure prophylaxis.

Rabies lyssavirus (RABV) neutralizing IgG antibodies confer protection after rabies vaccination, although how the RABV-specific antibodies neutralize the virus is still unknown. As changes in the antibody's carbohydrate chain can interfere with its effector functions, we compared the glycosylation patterns of both neutralizing and non-neutralizing IgG1 induced by pre-exposure prophylaxis to human rabies and analyzed their influence on in vitro antibody neutralizing activities. Specific IgG1 were purified from human serum using affinity chromatography.

Development of biotinylated polyclonal anti-ribonucleoprotein IgG for detection of rabies virus antigen by direct rapid immunohistochemical test.

The direct rapid immunohistochemical test (dRIT) has been recommended for laboratorial diagnosis of rabies, especially in developing countries. The absence of commercial primary antibodies, however, still represents a major limitation to its wider use in testing. We describe here the development of a biotinylated polyclonal antibody against Rabies lyssavirus (RABV) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and its use as a primary reagent in dRIT.

Detection of rabies virus antigen by the indirect rapid immunohistochemistry test in equines and comparisons with other diagnostic techniques.

Laboratory diagnosis of rabies in equines is essential for distinguishing the disease from other sources of encephalitis. Diagnosis by conventional techniques such as a direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) or viral isolation in mice or cell culture can be difficult, and the application of molecular biological methods may be necessary. We performed an indirect rapid immunohistochemistry test (iRIT) for the detection of the rabies virus (RABV) antigen in the central nervous system (CNS) of equines and compared the results with those of other diagnostic techniques.

Performance evaluation of the polyclonal anti-rabies virus ribonucleoprotein IgG antibodies produced in-house for use in direct fluorescent antibody test.

Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled anti-rabies virus ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibodies can be used as immunoreagents in direct fluorescent antibody testing (dFAT) for rabies diagnoses. While in-house products are occasionally used by laboratories, most conjugates are commercial reagents. Commercial anti-RNP antibodies are only available for research purposes in Brazil, however, which contributes to the increasing use of in-house produced antibodies.

Evaluation of polyclonal anti-RNP IgG antibody for rabies diagnosis by indirect rapid immunohistochemistry test.

Rabies still represents a major public health threat and estimated to cause 60,000 human deaths annually, particularly in developing countries. Thus, adequate surveillance based on rapid and reliable rabies diagnosis for both humans and animals is essential. The WHO and OIE recommended gold standard diagnostic technique for rabies is the direct immunofluorescence assay (dFAT).

Nyctinomops laticaudatus bat-associated Rabies virus causes disease with a shorter clinical period and has lower pathogenic potential than strains isolated from wild canids.

Rabies is a lethal viral disease that can affect a wide range of mammals. Currently, Rabies virus (RABV) in some European and American countries is maintained primarily in wild species. The regulation of viral replication is one of the critical mechanisms involved in RABV pathogenesis.

Early Peritoneal CC Chemokine Production Correlates with Divergent Inflammatory Phenotypes and Susceptibility to Experimental Arthritis in Mice.

The inflammatory and autoimmune events preceding clinical symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases are difficult to study in human patients. Therefore, animal models that share immunologic and clinical features with human RA, such as pristane-induced arthritis (PIA), are valuable tools for assessing the primordial events related to arthritis susceptibility. PIA-resistant HIII and susceptible LIII mice were injected i.

Purification of IgG against ribonucleoprotein by a homemade immunoaffinity chromatography column for rabies diagnosis.

Polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies against rabies virus ribonucleoprotein (RNP) conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) have been employed for Rabies virus (RABV) antigen detection by the direct fluorescent antibody test (DFA). To date, these biomolecules have been purified by traditional methods such as precipitation by ammonium sulfate or ion exchange chromatography followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation, which allows only for partial detection of the protein of interest. In this study, we aimed to purify anti-RNP polyclonal horse IgG antibodies by cation-exchange chromatography in combination with a homemade immunoaffinity chromatography on RNP immobilized (RNP-IAC).

Mice Selected for Acute Inflammation Present Altered Immune Response during Pristane-Induced Arthritis Progression.

Mouse lines selected for maximal (AIRmax) or minimal acute inflammatory reaction (AIRmin) were used to characterize the immune response and the influence of genetic background during pristane-induced arthritis (PIA). Susceptible AIRmax mice demonstrated exacerbated cellular profiles during PIA, with intense infiltration of lymphocytes, as well as monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, producing higher levels of IL-1, IFN-, TNF-, IL-10, total IgG3, and chemokines. Resistant AIRmin mice controlled cell activation more efficiently than the AIRmax during arthritis progression.

Infection of neuroblastoma cells by rabies virus is modulated by the virus titer.

Rabies is a lethal viral infection that can affect almost all mammals, including humans. To better understand the replication of Rabies lyssavirus, we investigated if the viral load in brains naturally infected with rabies influences viral internalization and viral growth kinetics in neuroblastoma cells, and if the viral load affects mortality in mice after intradermal infection. We noted that high initial viral loads in brains (group II) were unfavourable for increasing viral titers during serial passages in neuroblastoma cells when compared to low initial viral loads in brains (group I).

Immunological aspects of rabies: a literature review.

Rabies is a lethal disease caused by the neurotropic virus rabies virus (RABV), and it remains an important public health problem globally. It is known that the host immune response is important for control of viral infection and promoting viral clearance. In this context, it is well documented that, in addition to RABV neutralizing antibody, interferons and cell-mediated immunity also have an important role in preventing the establishment of disease.

Slc11a1 (Nramp-1) gene modulates immune-inflammation genes in macrophages during pristane-induced arthritis in mice.

Objective And Design: Pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in AIRmax mice homozygous for Slc11a1 R and S alleles was used to characterize the influence of Slc11a1 gene polymorphism on immune responses during disease manifestation. Previous reports demonstrated that the presence of the Slc11a1 S allele increased the incidence and severity of PIA in AIRmax , suggesting that this gene could interact with inflammatory loci to modulate PIA. We investigated the effects of Slc11a1 alleles on the activation of phagocytes during PIA.

Delayed progression of rabies transmitted by a vampire bat.

Here, we compared the growth kinetics, cell-to-cell spread, and virus internalization kinetics in N2a cells of RABV variants isolated from vampire bats (V-3), domestic dogs (V-2) and marmosets (V-M) as well as the clinical symptoms and mortality caused by these variants. The replication rate of V-3 was significantly higher than those of V-2 and V-M. However, the uptake and spread of these RABV variants into N2a cells were inversely proportional.

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced genotoxicity on bone marrow cells from mice phenotypically selected for low acute inflammatory response.

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) environmental contaminants has been associated with the development of mutations and cancer. 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene ( DMBA), a genotoxic agent, reacts with DNA directly, inducing p53-dependent cytotoxicity resulting in cell death by apoptosis or giving rise to cancer. DMBA metabolism largely depends on activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR).

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced myelotoxicity differs in mice selected for high or low acute inflammatory response: relationship with aryl hydrocarbon receptor polymorphism.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), are environmental pollutants that exert multiple toxic and carcinogenic effects. Studies showed that these effects are mediated by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and modulated by allelic variants of Ahr gene. Here, we investigated the effects of DMBA treatment in the inflammatory response and bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic function of maximal acute inflammatory response (AIRmax) and minimal acute inflammatory response (AIRmin) heterogeneous mouse lines selected for high and low acute inflammatory responsiveness, respectively.

The importance of bystander effects in radiation therapy in melanoma skin-cancer cells and umbilical-cord stromal stem cells.

Purpose: To examine direct and bystander radiation-induced effects in normal umbilical-cord stromal stem cell (HCSSC) lines and in human cancer cells.

Materials And Methods: The UCSSC lines used in this study were obtained in our laboratory. Two cell lines (UCSSC 35 and UCSSC 37) and two human melanoma skin-cancer cells (A375 and G361) were exposed to ionizing radiation to measure acute radiation-dosage cell-survival curves and radiation-induced bystander cell-death response.