The effects of endurance trainability phenotype, sex, and interval running training on bone collagen synthesis in adult rats.

Bone is influenced by many factors such as genetics and mechanical loading, but the short-term physiological effects of these factors on bone (re)modelling are not well characterised. This study investigated the effects of endurance trainability phenotype, sex, and interval running training (7-week intervention) on bone collagen formation in rats using a deuterium oxide stable isotope tracer method. Bone samples of the femur diaphysis, proximal tibia, mid-shaft tibia, and distal tibia were collected after necropsy from forty-six 9 ± 3-month male and female rats selectively bred for yielding low (LRT) or high (HRT) responses to endurance training.

Effects of Oral Lactate Supplementation on Acid-Base Balance and Prolonged High-Intensity Interval Cycling Performance.

Lactate is an important energy intermediate and metabolic buffer, and may be ergogenic. We investigated if lactate supplementation is an effective approach to enhance the exercise performance and acid-base balance of trained cyclists during exercise devised to simulate the demands of endurance road race cycling. Sixteen endurance-trained male cyclists (V·O 59 ± 7 mL·kg·min) consumed 120 mg·kg body mass of lactate or a placebo 70 min prior to performing an exercise performance test, comprising five repeated blocks consisting of 1 km and 4 km time trials interspersed with 10 min of moderate-intensity exercise.

An Opinion on the Interpretation of Bone Turnover Markers Following Acute Exercise or Nutrition Intervention and Considerations for Applied Research.

It is important for athlete and public health that we continue to develop our understanding of the effects of exercise and nutrition on bone health. Bone turnover markers (BTMs) offer an opportunity to accelerate the progression of bone research by revealing a bone response to exercise and nutrition stimuli far more rapidly than current bone imaging techniques. However, the association between short-term change in the concentration of BTMs and long-term bone health remains ambiguous.

Characterising 24-h skeletal muscle gene expression alongside metabolic & endocrine responses under diurnal conditions.

Context: Skeletal muscle plays a central role in the storage, synthesis, and breakdown of nutrients, yet little research has explored temporal responses of this human tissue, especially with concurrent measures of systemic biomarkers of metabolism.

Objective: To characterise temporal profiles in skeletal muscle expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, circadian clocks, and autophagy and descriptively relate them to systemic metabolites and hormones during a controlled laboratory protocol.

Methods: Ten healthy adults (9M/1F, mean ± SD: age: 30 ± 10 y; BMI: 24.

Substituting carbohydrate at lunch for added protein increases fat oxidation during subsequent exercise in healthy males.

Context: How pre-exercise meal composition influences metabolic and health responses to exercise later in the day is currently unclear.

Objective: Examine the effects of substituting carbohydrate for protein at lunch on subsequent exercise metabolism, appetite, and energy intake.

Methods: Twelve healthy males completed three trials in randomized, counterbalanced order.

Combined Turmeric, Vitamin C, and Vitamin D Ready-to-Drink Supplements Reduce Upper Respiratory Illness Symptoms and Gastrointestinal Discomfort in Elite Male Football Players.

Elite football is associated with the increased risk of illness, although targeted supplementation can reduce illness risk. This study assessed the effects of a supplement containing turmeric root within a black pepper and fat-soluble blend, vitamin C and vitamin D, on upper respiratory symptoms (URS), gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), muscle soreness, and markers of inflammation and gut permeability in elite male footballers. Twenty-three footballers completed 3 weeks of no intervention (CON), followed by 16 weeks of daily consuming 60 mL of a commercially available supplement containing raw turmeric root (17.

P1NP and β-CTX-1 Responses to a Prolonged, Continuous Running Bout in Young Healthy Adult Males: A Systematic Review with Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis.

Background: Circulating biomarkers of bone formation and resorption are widely used in exercise metabolism research, but their responses to exercise are not clear. This study aimed to quantify group responses and inter-individual variability of P1NP and β-CTX-1 after prolonged, continuous running (60-120 min at 65-75% V̇O) in young healthy adult males using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis.

Methods: The protocol was designed following PRISMA-IPD guidelines and was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework prior to implementation ( https://osf.

Maturity-Associated Polygenic Profiles of under 12-16-Compared to under 17-23-Year-Old Male English Academy Football Players.

The purpose of this study was to examine polygenic profiles previously associated with maturity timing in male academy football players across different age phases. Thus, 159 male football players from four English academies (U12-16, = 86, aged 13.58 ± 1.

Experiences of Physical Activity, Healthy Eating and Quality of Life During and Following Pregnancy in Overweight and Obese Postpartum Women.

Objectives: This retrospective study explored the experiences of women with overweight or obesity regarding physical activity, diet and quality of life leading up to, during, and following pregnancy.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was adopted, whereby data collected through semi-structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Throughout the interviews, individuals were asked to describe their barriers to a healthy lifestyle during and following pregnancy.

Turmeric supplementation improves markers of recovery in elite male footballers: a pilot study.

Football match-play causes muscle damage and provokes an inflammatory response. Rapid recovery is paramount to optimising subsequent performance and reducing injury risk. Turmeric contains high concentrations of curcumin, a polyphenol that has been shown to reduce muscle damage and soreness post-exercise in recreational exercisers.

Perspectives from research and practice: A survey on external load monitoring and bone in sport.

Introduction: There is limited information regarding the association between external load and estimated bone load in sport, which may be important due to the influence exercise can have on bone accrual and injury risk. The aim of this study was to identify external load measuring tools used by support staff to estimate bone load and assess if these methodologies were supported in research.

Methods: A survey was comprised of 19 multiple choice questions and the option to elaborate on if/how they monitor external load and if/how they used them to estimate bone load.

Relationship between Football-Specific Training Characteristics and Tibial Bone Adaptation in Male Academy Football Players.

We examined the relationship between football-specific training and changes in bone structural properties across a 12-week period in 15 male football players aged 16 years (Mean ± 1 SD = 16.6 ± 0.3 years) that belonged to a professional football academy.

Intermittent fasting and bone health: a bone of contention?

Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising strategy for weight loss and improving metabolic health, but its effects on bone health are less clear. This review aims to summarise and critically evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence on IF regimens (, alternate-day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted eating (TRE)/time-restricted feeding and bone health outcomes. Animal studies have utilised IF alongside other dietary practices known to elicit detrimental effects on bone health and/or in models mimicking specific conditions; thus, findings from these studies are difficult to apply to humans.

Effects of Morning Vs. Evening exercise on appetite, energy intake, performance and metabolism, in lean males and females.

Exercise is an important component of a weight management strategy. However, little is known about whether circadian variations in physiological and behavioural processes can influence the appetite and energy balance responses to exercise performed at different times of the day. This study compared the effects of morning and evening exercise on appetite, post-exercise energy intake, and voluntary performance.

External training load is associated with adaptation in bone and body composition over the course of a season in elite male footballers.

This study examined the relationship between training load and changes in body composition and bone characteristics across a competitive season. Twenty senior male professional football players participated in this prospective longitudinal study. Participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans on four occasions across the study period, resulting in three phases of the season.

Exercise interventions for weight management during pregnancy and up to 1 year postpartum among normal weight women and women with overweight and obesity: An updated systematic review.

Background: Given the increased occurrence of pre-gravid obesity in recent years, and the implications of maternal obesity for maternal and offspring health, it is evident that there is a continued need to investigate antenatal and postnatal weight management strategies and to provide evidence-based advice for exercise-based interventions. Given the small number of studies ( = 5) included in an original systematic review by our group in 2015, it was important to add to the dataset by assessing data published since 2015, in order to provide a more in-depth view of current knowledge.

Objective: To provide an updated systematic review on studies employing exercise interventions for weight management in pregnant and postpartum women.

Genetic associations with technical capabilities in English academy football players: a preliminary study.

Background: Technical capabilities have significant discriminative and prognostic power in youth football. Although, many factors influence technical performance, no research has explored the genetic contribution. As such, the purpose of this study was to examine the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with technical assessments in youth football players.

Modelling Changes in Bone and Body Composition Over a Season in Elite Male Footballers.

This study investigated the change in bone and body composition characteristics of elite football players and recreationally active control participants across the course of a season. Fortysix participants (20 footballers and 26 recreationally active controls) were assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography for a range of bone and body composition characteristics at four points over the course of a competitive season. Multilevel modelling was used to examine changes.

A Systematic Review investigating the Effectiveness of Exercise training in Glycogen Storage Diseases.

Introduction: Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are rare inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism typically with skeletal muscle and liver involvement. In those with skeletal muscle involvement, the majority display symptoms of exercise intolerance which can cause profound exercise limitation and impair everyday living and quality of life (QoL). There are no curative treatments for GSDs, thus therapeutic options, such as exercise training, are aimed at improving QoL by alleviating signs and symptoms.

One week of high-fat overfeeding alters bone metabolism in healthy males: A pilot study.

Objectives: Short periods of excessive consumption of indulgent high-fat foods are common in Western society, but the effect this has on bone is unknown. The aim of this pilot study was to explore how a 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet affects candidate biomarkers of bone metabolism.

Methods: The study included 12 healthy men with a mean age of 24 y (SD = 4 y) and body mass index (BMI) of 24.