Characterizing the Dose Response of Hyperoxia with Brain Perfusion.

Tactical aviators require administration of enhanced inspired oxygen concentrations (hyperoxia) to reduce risk of hypobaric hypoxia and decompression injuries. Hyperoxia is not without consequence; it reduces cerebral perfusion (CBF). Characterizing the relationship between FO₂ and CBF is necessary to establish FO₂ levels that do not reduce CBF yet are sufficient to mitigate risk of in-flight physiological stressors.

Increased Serum Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines Are Accompanied by Fatigue in Military T-6A Texan II Instructor Pilots.

Tactical aviation imposes unprecedented physical challenges including repetitive exposure to hypergravity, hyperoxia, increased work of breathing, and profound cognitive workloads. Each stressor evokes outcomes ranging from musculoskeletal duress and atelectasis to physical and cognitive fatigue, the latter among the foremost threats to aviators. Whereas sleep loss is traditionally considered the primary cause of fatigue in aviators, converging experimental, observational, and medical studies have identified biochemical mechanisms promoting onset of fatigue.

Safe phlebotomy reduction in stable pediatric liver and spleen injuries.

Purpose: Pediatric blunt solid organ injury management based on hemodynamic monitoring rather than grade may safely reduce resource expenditure and improve outcomes. Previously we have reported a retrospectively validated management algorithm for pediatric liver and spleen injuries which monitors hemodynamics without use of routine phlebotomy. We hypothesize that stable blunt pediatric isolated splenic/liver injuries can be managed safely using a protocol reliant on vital signs and not repeat hemoglobin levels.

Intestinal Function after Early Late Appendectomy in Children with Perforated Appendicitis.

The aim was to prospectively document the impact of early late appendectomy on intestinal function in pediatric perforated appendicitis. After Institutional Review Board approval, between September 2016 and August 2017, complete data were prospectively collected for children undergoing planned appendectomy for perforated appendicitis. One hundred children with pathologist-confirmed transmural perforations were included.

Young children with perforated appendicitis benefit from prompt appendectomy.

Background/purpose: To identify factors associated with nonoperative treatment failure in pediatric perforated appendicitis compared to immediate appendectomy.

Methods: After IRB approval, between September 2016 and August 2017, prospective data were recorded for children (age: 1-18 years) with completed appendectomies and pathologist-confirmed perforations. Children were treated according to clinician-designated preference.