Iron Supplementation Increases Tumor Burden and Alters Protein Expression in a Mouse Model of Human Intestinal Cancer.

Iron supplements are widely consumed. However, excess iron may accelerate intestinal tumorigenesis. To determine the effect of excess iron on intestinal tumor burden and protein expression changes between tumor and normal tissues, mice were fed control (adequate) and excess iron (45 and 450 mg iron/kg diet, respectively; 9/group) for 10 wk.

Proteins Involved in Focal Cell Adhesion and Podosome Formation Are Differentially Expressed during Colorectal Tumorigenesis in AOM-Treated Rats.

Colorectal tumorigenesis involves the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) or preneoplastic lesions, representing the earliest morphological lesion visible in colon cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in protein expression in carcinogen-induced ACF as they mature and transform into adenomas. Protein expression profiles of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced F344 rat colon ACF and adenomas were compared at four time points, 4 (control), 8, 16, and 24 weeks post AOM administration ( = 9/group), with time points correlating with induction and transformation events.

Can a Purposeful Walk Intervention with a Distance Goal Using an Activity Monitor Improve Individuals' Daily Activity and Function Post Total Hip Replacement Surgery. A Randomized Pilot Trial.

Individuals have increasingly high expectations of return to activity following total hip replacement (THR) surgery. The current literature demonstrates marked improvements in pain following THR. However, there is limited evidence showing objective improvement in daily activity.

A feasibility study to evaluate a purposeful walk intervention with a distance goal using a commercially available activity monitor in elderly people post total hip replacement surgery.

Introduction: Total hip replacement (THR) is performed in an increasing number of individuals around the world and while improvements in pain reduction and long-term enhancement of muscle strength are well documented, the improvement in daily activity does not follow the same trend. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a 5-week intervention where a personalised outdoor walking distance is monitored using a commercial activity monitor (Fitbit Charge 4).

Method: Data was collected on gait and activities of daily living using patient reported outcome measures.

Effect of 8-week treadmill running with peroneal muscle functional electrical stimulation on laterally deviated centre of plantar pressure position and star excursion balance test performance.

Introduction: Ankle sprain is a common injury that can have long-term sequelae resulting in pain, swelling and a reduction of physical activity participation. Previous research has shown a laterally deviated centre of pressure (COP) during running gait increases the risk of lateral ankle sprain. As a method of altering COP, electrical stimulation has been considered.

Adherence to Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Interventions for Muscle Impairment in Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.

Background: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) provides a promising approach to counteract muscle impairment in hip and knee osteoarthritis, and to expedite recovery from joint replacement surgery. Nonetheless, application into clinical orthopaedic practice remains limited, partly due to concerns regarding patient tolerance.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to quantify levels of adherence to NMES interventions for muscle impairment in hip and knee osteoarthritis and identify strategies to increase compliance.

Strength and endurance deficits in adults with moderate-to-severe hip osteoarthritis, compared to healthy, older adults.

Purpose: This study compares lower limb muscle strength and endurance in adults with hip osteoarthritis, to an age-matched control group.

Methods: Thirteen adults with moderate-to-severe hip osteoarthritis (as graded by the Oxford Hip Score) and fifteen older adults participated. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction of the knee extensors, knee flexors and hip abductors and isotonic endurance of the knee extensors were measured using a dynamometer.

A review of participant recruitment transparency for sound validation of hip surgery simulators: a novel umbrella approach.

Malposition of implants is associated with complications, higher wear and increased revision rates in total hip replacement (THR) along with surgeon inexperience. Training THR residents to reach expert proficiency is affected by the high cost and resource limitations of traditional training techniques. Research in extended reality (XR) technologies can overcome such barriers.

Functional Electrical Stimulation of Peroneal Muscles on Balance in Healthy Females.

Balance improvement could contribute to ankle stability for the prevention of ankle sprains. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is an effective way of augmenting muscle activity and improving balance. This study investigated the effect of FES of peroneal muscles on single-and double-leg balance.

Lab-based feasibility and acceptability of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in hip osteoarthritis rehabilitation.

Introduction: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) could provide an alternative or adjunct treatment modality to induce muscle hypertrophy in the hip osteoarthritis population. This preliminary study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of NMES to evoke involuntary muscle contractions in adults with advanced hip osteoarthritis.

Methods: Thirteen adults with moderate-to-severe hip osteoarthritis and fifteen healthy, older adults were invited to a lab-based testing session.

Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the recovery of people with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit: A narrative review.

The rehabilitation of patients with COVID-19 after prolonged treatment in the intensive care unit is often complex and challenging. Patients may develop a myriad of long-term multiorgan impairments, affecting the respiratory, cardiac, neurological, digestive and musculoskeletal systems. Skeletal muscle dysfunction of respiratory and limb muscles, commonly referred to as intensive care unit acquired weakness, occurs in approximately 40% of all patients admitted to intensive care.

Why Do People Undergo THR and What Do They Expect to Gain-A Comparison of the Views of Patients and Health Care Professionals.

Little concerted effort has been made to understand why individuals undergo total hip replacement (THR) surgery and their rehabilitation goals. Similarly, insight of views and perspective of health care professionals' (HCPs) regarding surgery and what objective measures help them with decision-making is lacking. This patient and public involvement report aimed to explore both patients' and HCPs' perspectives of THR surgery.

A review of current use of commercial wearable technology and smartphone apps with application in monitoring individuals following total hip replacement surgery.

The advent of commercially available wearable activity monitors and smartphone apps allows objective digital monitoring of daily activities of patients before and after THR surgery. A wide variety of wearable activity monitors and smartphone apps are being marketed to assist with enhancing physical activity following surgery. A systematic review of commercial wearable technology and smartphone apps was undertaken to assess the evidence supporting their efficacy in assisting rehabilitation and patient monitoring following THR.

Why the mask? The effectiveness of face masks in preventing the spread of respiratory infections such as COVID-19 - a home testing protocol.

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been much debate in the media on whether masks should be worn to stop the spread of the virus. There are two ways in which they could work. Firstly, to protect the person wearing the mask, and secondly, to reduce the likelihood of the person wearing the mask passing the disease on to anyone else.

Electrical stimulation devices for the prevention of venous thromboembolism: Preliminary studies of physiological efficacy and user satisfaction.

Introduction: Electrical stimulation could provide an alternative method for preventing venous thromboembolism in stroke patients. The purpose of this preliminary study was to explore the effects of electrical stimulation and intermittent pneumatic compression on enhancing lower limb venous return in healthy and chronic stroke patients and also to evaluate patient and nurse satisfaction.

Methods: We investigated the effectiveness of two electrical stimulation devices: Geko (Firstkind Ltd, High Wycombe, UK) and Orthopaedic Microstim 2V2 (Odstock Medical Ltd, Salisbury, UK); and one intermittent pneumatic compression device: Huntleigh Flowstron Universal (Huntleigh Healthcare Ltd, Cardiff, UK).

Effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for reducing oedema: A systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to assess the clinical impact of neuromuscular electrical stimulation as a treatment modality for patients with oedema.

Data Sources And Study Selection: PubMed was searched up to July 2018 for randomized and non-randomized clinical trials comparing neuromuscular electrical stimulation vs no stimulation following the formation of oedema. A modified Downs and Black checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence.

The safety of electrical stimulation in patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators: A systematic review.

Introduction: A number of patients are excluded from electrical stimulation treatment because there is concern that electrical stimulation could cause electromagnetic interference with pacemakers and implanted cardioverter defibrillators. The decision to use electrical stimulation in these patients needs to be supported by an assessment of benefit and harm.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the risk of electromagnetic interference between electrical stimulation and pacemakers or implanted cardioverter defibrillators.

Training and orthotic effects related to functional electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve in stroke.

Objective: To examine the evidence for a training effect on the lower limb of functional electrical stimulation.

Design: Cohort study.

Patients: A total of 133 patients >6 months post-stroke.

Electrical stimulation treatment for facial palsy after revision pleomorphic adenoma surgery.

Surgery for pleomorphic adenoma recurrence presents a significant risk of facial nerve damage that can result in facial weakness effecting patients' ability to communicate, mental health and self-image. We report two case studies that had marked facial weakness after resection of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma and their progress with electrical stimulation. Subjects received electrical stimulation twice daily for 24 weeks during which photographs of expressions, facial measurements and Sunnybrook scores were recorded.

Effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation on walking speed, functional walking category, and clinically meaningful changes for people with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on drop foot in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), using data from standard clinical practice.

Design: Case series with a consecutive sample of FES users collected between 2008 and 2013.

Setting: Specialist FES center at a district general hospital.

A comparison between reported therapy staffing levels and the department of health therapy staffing guidelines for stroke rehabilitation: a national survey.

Background: This study compared reported staffing levels for stroke care within UK in-patient stroke units to stroke strategy staffing guidelines published by the UK Department of Health and the Royal College of Physicians. The purpose was to explore the extent to which stroke teams are meeting recommended staffing levels.

Method: The data analyzed in this report consisted of the detailed therapist staffing levels reported in the demographic section of our national survey to determine upper limb treatment in stroke units (the ATRAS survey).

Translation of evidence-based Assistive Technologies into stroke rehabilitation: users' perceptions of the barriers and opportunities.

Background: Assistive Technologies (ATs), defined as "electrical or mechanical devices designed to help people recover movement", demonstrate clinical benefits in upper limb stroke rehabilitation; however translation into clinical practice is poor. Uptake is dependent on a complex relationship between all stakeholders. Our aim was to understand patients', carers' (P&Cs) and healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experience and views of upper limb rehabilitation and ATs, to identify barriers and opportunities critical to the effective translation of ATs into clinical practice.

Assistive technologies: can they contribute to rehabilitation of the upper limb after stroke?

Objective: To systematically identify, review, and explore the evidence for use of assistive technologies (ATs) in poststroke upper limb rehabilitation.

Data Sources: AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Compendex, CSA Illumina, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PEDro, PyscINFO, and Web of Science were last searched in September 2011.

Study Selection: Two independent researchers screened for inclusion criteria (adult poststroke subjects, upper limb rehabilitation with an AT).

Assistive technologies after stroke: self-management or fending for yourself? A focus group study.

Background: Assistive Technologies, defined as "electrical or mechanical devices designed to help people recover movement" have demonstrated clinical benefits in upper-limb stroke rehabilitation. Stroke services are becoming community-based and more reliant on self-management approaches. Assistive technologies could become important tools within self-management, however, in practice, few people currently use assistive technologies.