Acyltransferase families that act on thioesters: Sequences, structures, and mechanisms.

Acyltransferases (AT) are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of acyl group to a receptor molecule. This review focuses on ATs that act on thioester-containing substrates. Although many ATs can recognize a wide variety of substrates, sequence similarity analysis allowed us to classify the ATs into fifteen distinct families.

Reaction time measures of non-chromatic contamination in opponent stimuli.

Simple visual reaction times (RTs) are highly sensitive to the presence of transient activity. Transient and sustained visual mechanisms generate different RT versus contrast functions because they have different gains. To identify non-chromatic (transient) activity, we can compare RT versus contrast functions obtained with either fast or slow onset stimuli.

The role of dark adaptation in understanding early AMD.

The main aim of the paper is to discuss current knowledge on how Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) affects Dark Adaptation (DA). The paper is divided into three parts. Firstly, we outline some of the molecular mechanisms that control DA.

The Assessment of Visual Fields in Infants Using Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP): A Feasibility Study.

Purpose: To examine the feasibility of saccadic vector optokinetic perimetry (SVOP), an automated eye tracking perimeter, as a tool for visual field (VF) assessment in infants.

Methods: Thirteen healthy infants aged between 3.5 and 12.

Medical student misconceptions in cardiovascular physiology.

Students find cardiovascular physiology challenging. Misunderstandings can be due to the nature of the subject, the way it is taught, and prior knowledge, which impede learning of new concepts. Some misunderstood concepts can be corrected with teaching (i.

A case control study examining the feasibility of using eye tracking perimetry to differentiate patients with glaucoma from healthy controls.

To explore the feasibility of using Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP) to differentiate glaucomatous and healthy eyes. A prospective case-control study was performed using a convenience sample recruited from a single university glaucoma clinic and a group of healthy controls. SVOP and standard automated perimetry (SAP) was performed with testing order randomised.

Development of an Age-corrected Normative Database for Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP).

Precis: Normal age-corrected threshold sensitivity values were determined for a new eye tracking perimeter and compared with standard automated perimetry (SAP).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine threshold visual field sensitivities in normal subjects performing saccadic vector optokinetic perimetry (SVOP), a new eye tracking perimeter.

Patients And Methods: A total of 113 healthy participants performed SVOP and SAP in both eyes with the order of testing randomized.

FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Clove, cinnamon leaf and West Indian bay leaf-derived flavoring ingredients.

In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association initiated the safety re-evaluation of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. This publication, 4th in a series focusing on the safety evaluation of NFCs, presents an evaluation of NFCs rich in hydroxyallylbenzene and hydroxypropenylbenzene constituents using a procedure initially published in 2005 and updated in 2018 that evaluates the safety of naturally occurring mixtures for their intended use as flavoring ingredients. The procedure requires the characterization of the chemical composition for each NFC and subsequent organization of the constituents into defined congeneric groups.

Speed and accuracy of saccades in patients with glaucoma evaluated using an eye tracking perimeter.

Background: To examine the speed and accuracy of saccadic eye movements during a novel eye tracking threshold visual field assessment and determine whether eye movement parameters may improve ability to detect glaucoma.

Methods: A prospective study including both eyes of 31 patients with glaucoma and 23 controls. Standard automated perimetry (SAP) and eye tracking perimetry (saccadic vector optokinetic perimetry, SVOP) was performed.

Chromatic fading following complete adaptation to unique hues.

Profound vision loss occurs after prolonged exposure to an unchanging featureless visual environment. The effect is sometimes called visual fade. Here we investigate this phenomenon in the color domain using two different experiments.

Developments in non-invasive visual electrophysiology.

To study the physiology of the primate visual system, non-invasive electrophysiological techniques are of major importance. Two main techniques are available: the electroretinogram (ERG), a mass potential originating in the retina, and the visual evoked potential (VEP), which reflects activity in the primary visual cortex. In this overview, the history and the state of the art of these techniques are briefly presented as an introduction to the special issue "New Developments in non-invasive visual electrophysiology".

Anomalous pupillary responses to M-cone onsets are linked to ${\rm L}{:}{\rm M}$L:M ratio.

M-cone stimulation induces a pupil constriction to stimulus offset, whereas, with L cones, the pupil responds conventionally with a constriction to onset. To test the possibility that this paradox is linked to the ${\rm L}{:}{\rm M}$L:M ratio, we measured the strength of the effect by injecting a variable amount of positive or negative luminance contamination on either side of M-cone isolation and identifying a balance point at which the pupil responded equally to onset and offset. Nineteen individuals were recruited.

Atypical presentation of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in a 25-year-old woman in the Caribbean: a challenging diagnosis.

A 25-year-old woman presented a challenging diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever (ARF). Initial symptoms included dry cough and three minor Jones criteria (unabating fever (38.4°C, 0d), elevated acute phase reactants (C-reactive protein, 13d) and joint pain (monoarthralgia) in her neck (0d)).