How Should We Respond to Spatial Injustice in Health Care Organizations?

Hostile design is a built environment strategy to discourage unwanted behaviors or limit use by unwanted users in a space. This commentary on a case identifies how hostile design choices perpetuate spatial injustice in both health care settings and the surrounding community and argues that health care organizations have duties to mitigate adverse health consequences of such spatial injustices. This commentary then describes strategies for identifying overt and covert hostile design of health care spaces and proposes future practices and translational research to make health care environments' designs accessible, approachable, and more just.

Effects of non-digestible carbohydrates on gut microbiota and microbial metabolites: a randomised, controlled dietary intervention in healthy individuals.

The gut microbiome is impacted by certain types of dietary fibre. However, the type, duration and dose needed to elicit gut microbial changes and whether these changes also influence microbial metabolites remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of supplementing healthy participants with two types of non-digestible carbohydrates (resistant starch (RS) and polydextrose (PD)) on the stool microbiota and microbial metabolite concentrations in plasma, stool and urine, as secondary outcomes in the Dietary Intervention Stem Cells and Colorectal Cancer (DISC) Study.

Altered expression of vesicular trafficking machinery in prostate cancer affects lysosomal dynamics and provides insight into the underlying biology and disease progression.

Background: This study focuses on the role of lysosomal trafficking in prostate cancer, given the essential role of lysosomes in cellular homoeostasis.

Methods: Lysosomal motility was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy of LAMP-1-transfected prostate cells and spot-tracking analysis. Expression of lysosomal trafficking machinery was evaluated in patient cohort databases and through immunohistochemistry on tumour samples.

Reinterpretation of prostate cancer pathology by Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 biomarkers.

The diagnosis of prostate cancer using histopathology is reliant on the accurate interpretation of prostate tissue sections. Current standards rely on the assessment of Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, which can be difficult to interpret and introduce inter-observer variability. Here, we present a digital pathology atlas and online resource of prostate cancer tissue micrographs for both H&E and the reinterpretation of samples using a novel set of three biomarkers as an interactive tool, where clinicians and scientists can explore high resolution histopathology from various case studies.

Studies of infused megakaryocytes into mice support a "catch-and-release" model of pulmonary-centric thrombopoiesis.

Unlabelled: Many aspects of thrombopoiesis, the release of platelets from megakaryocytes (Mks), remain under debate, including where this process occurs. Murine lung -microscopy studies suggested that a significant fraction of circulating platelets were released from lung-entrapped, marrow-derived Mks. We now confirm these studies that endogenous mMks are entrapped in the lungs and show that intravenously infused -differentiated, mature murine (m) and human (h) Mks are similarly entrapped followed by shedding of their cytoplasm over ∼30 minutes with a peak number of released platelets occurring 1.

Identification of temporal shifts of oral bacteria in bone regeneration following mandibular bone defect injury and therapeutic surgery in a porcine model.

Background: Considered the second largest and most diverse microbiome after the gut, the human oral ecosystem is complex with diverse and niche-specific microorganisms. Although evidence is growing for the importance of oral microbiome in supporting a healthy immune system and preventing local and systemic infections, the influence of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma and routine reconstructive surgical treatments on community structure and function of oral resident microbes remains unknown. CMF injuries affect a large number of people, needing extensive rehabilitation with lasting morbidity and loss of human productivity.

Monitoring Structural Changes during Electrochemical Cycling of Solid-Solution Spinel Oxide MgCrVO.

Rechargeable magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) hold significant promise as an alternative to conventional lithium-ion technology driven by their natural abundance and low-cost, high-energy density, and safety features. Spinel oxides, including MgCrVO, have emerged as a prospective cathode material for MIBs due to their promising combination of capacity, operating potential, and cation mobility. However, the structural evolution, phase stability, and processes of Mg mobility in MgCrVO during electrochemical cycling are poorly understood.

Exploring the role of sporadic BRAF and KRAS mutations during colorectal cancer pathogenesis: A spotlight on the contribution of the endosome-lysosome system.

The highly heterogenous nature of colorectal cancer can significantly hinder its early and accurate diagnosis, eventually contributing to high mortality rates. The adenoma-carcinoma sequence and serrated polyp-carcinoma sequence are the two most common sequences in sporadic colorectal cancer. Genetic alterations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and tumour protein 53 (TP53) genes are critical in adenoma-carcinoma sequence, whereas v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) and MutL Homolog1 (MLH1) are driving oncogenes in the serrated polyp-carcinoma sequence.

Synthesis and cellular uptake of neutral rhenium(I) morpholine complexes.

Morpholine motifs have been used extensively as targeting moieties for lysosomes, primarily in fluorescence imaging agents. Traditionally these imaging agents are based on organic molecules which have several shortcomings including small Stokes shifts, short emission lifetimes, and susceptibility to photobleaching. To explore alternative lysosome targeting imaging agents we have used a rhenium based phosphorescent platform which has been previously demonstrated to have an improved Stokes shift, a long lifetime emission, and is highly photostable.

How machine learning can extend electroanalytical measurements beyond analytical interpretation.

Electroanalytical measurements are routinely used to estimate material properties exhibiting current and voltage signatures. Analysis of such measurements relies on analytical expressions of material properties to describe the experiments. The need for analytical expressions limits the experiments that can be used to measure properties as well as the properties that can be estimated from a given experiment.

Fluid and Bubble Flow Detach Adherent Cancer Cells to Form Spheroids on a Random Positioning Machine.

In preparing space and microgravity experiments, the utilization of ground-based facilities is common for initial experiments and feasibility studies. One approach to simulating microgravity conditions on Earth is to employ a random positioning machine (RPM) as a rotary bioreactor. Combined with a suitable low-mass model system, such as cell cultures, these devices simulating microgravity have been shown to produce results similar to those obtained in a space experiment under real microgravity conditions.

Skin barrier function for regulatory skin absorption tests and effects on testosterone and sucrose absorption.

In vitro absorption through human skin is a critical component in the safety assessment of chemicals, crop protection products, consumer healthcare products and cosmetics. A barrier integrity assay is used to identify skin samples which are potentially damaged. A retrospective analysis of 9978 electrical resistance (ER) measurements generated in a single laboratory (DTL) over a 15-year period was performed.

A Single-center Exploration of Attitudes to Deceased Organ Donation Over Time Among Healthcare Staff in Intensive Care.

Background: Changes to deceased organ donation in the United Kingdom, including establishment of the specialist nurse for organ donation (SNOD) role, have resulted in increased numbers of donations. Have increasing numbers of donations altered attitudes among intensive care unit (ICU) healthcare professionals (ICU staff) to organ donation over time?

Methods: A written survey of ICU staff at Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust was conducted across 2 wk in 2015, 2018, and 2020 (pre-COVID-19). Participants were asked to submit descriptors (words/phrases) they associated with 3 aspects of donation: donation after brain death (DBD), donation after circulatory death (DCD), and SNOD role.

Insights into Melanoma Clinical Practice: A Perspective for Future Research.

Background: Early diagnosis is the key to improving outcomes for patients with melanoma, and this requires a standardized histological assessment approach. The objective of this survey was to understand the challenges faced by clinicians when assessing melanoma cases, and to provide a perspective for future studies.

Methods: Between April 2022 and February 2023, national and international dermatologists, pathologists, general practitioners, and laboratory managers were invited to participate in a six-question online survey.

Dynamic interplay between sortilin and syndecan-1 contributes to prostate cancer progression.

Prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression relies on the programming of glucose and lipid metabolism, and this involves alterations in androgen receptor expression and signalling. Defining the molecular mechanism that underpins this metabolic programming will have direct significance for patients with PCa who have a poor prognosis. Here we show that there is a dynamic balance between sortilin and syndecan-1, that reports on different metabolic phenotypes.

Altered endosomal-lysosomal biogenesis in melanoma.

Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest form of skin neoplasm and its high mortality rates could be averted by early accurate detection. While the detection of melanoma is currently reliant upon melanin visualisation, research into melanosome biogenesis, as a key driver of pathogenesis, has not yielded technology that can reliably distinguish between atypical benign, amelanotic and melanotic lesions. The endosomal-lysosomal system has important regulatory roles in cancer cell biology, including a specific functional role in melanosome biogenesis.

Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1 immunohistochemistry on intraductal carcinoma of the prostate provides evidence of retrograde spread.

The presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDCP) correlates with late-stage disease and poor outcomes for patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma, but the accurate and reliable staging of disease severity remains challenging. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been utilised to overcome problems in assessing IDCP morphology, but the current markers have only demonstrated limited utility in characterising the complex biology of this lesion. In a retrospective study of a cohort of patients who had been diagnosed with IDCP, we utilised IHC on radical prostatectomy sections with a biomarker panel of Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1, to interpret different architectural patterns and to explore the theory that IDCP occurs from retrograde spread of high-grade invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Prediction of Prostate Cancer Biochemical and Clinical Recurrence Is Improved by IHC-Assisted Grading Using Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1.

Gleason scoring is used within a five-tier risk stratification system to guide therapeutic decisions for patients with prostate cancer. This study aimed to compare the predictive performance of routine H&E or biomarker-assisted ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) grade grouping for assessing the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and clinical recurrence (CR) in patients with prostate cancer. This retrospective study was an assessment of 114 men with prostate cancer who provided radical prostatectomy samples to the Australian Prostate Cancer Bioresource between 2006 and 2014.

Pathways of Individuals Experiencing Serious Illness While Homeless: An Exploratory 4-Point Typology from the RASCAL-UP Study.

The shifting age demographics of those experiencing homelessness in the United States expose shortcomings and barriers within homelessness response services and safety-net healthcare to address serious illness. The purpose of this study is to describe the common trajectories of patients concurrently experiencing homelessness and serious illness. As a part of the Research, Action, and Supportive Care at Later-life for Unhoused People (RASCAL-UP) study, the study uses patient charts ( = 75) from the only specialty palliative care program in the U.

Accuracy of diagnostic tests in cardiac injury after blunt chest trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The diagnosis of cardiac contusion, caused by blunt chest trauma, remains a challenge due to the non-specific symptoms it causes and the lack of ideal tests to diagnose myocardial damage. A cardiac contusion can be life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Several diagnostic tests have been used to evaluate the risk of cardiac complications, but the challenge of identifying patients with contusions nevertheless remains.

The Role of Trust in Older Adult Service Provision at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused near immediate service delivery adaptation among social service and healthcare sectors. Findings from in-depth interviews with 45 senior leaders of social services and healthcare organizations serving older adults in Washington State elucidate the role of trust in service provision at the onset of the pandemic. First, a history of trust facilitated service adaptation.

Pitfalls in Cutaneous Melanoma Diagnosis and the Need for New Reliable Markers.

Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, with the development of advanced stage disease resulting in a high rate of patient mortality. Accurate diagnosis of melanoma at an early stage is essential to improve patient outcomes, as this enables treatment before the cancer has metastasised. Histopathologic analysis is the current gold standard for melanoma diagnosis, but this can be subjective due to discordance in interpreting the morphological heterogeneity in melanoma and other skin lesions.