Prehension of a Flanked Target in Individuals With Amblyopia.

Purpose: Reduced binocularity is a prominent feature of amblyopia and binocular cues are thought to be important for prehension. We examine prehension in individuals with amblyopia when the target-object was flanked, thus mimicking everyday prehension.

Methods: Amblyopes (n = 20, 36.

Binocular summation and other forms of non-dominant eye contribution in individuals with strabismic amblyopia during habitual viewing.

Background: Adults with amblyopia ('lazy eye'), long-standing strabismus (ocular misalignment) or both typically do not experience visual symptoms because the signal from weaker eye is given less weight than the signal from its fellow. Here we examine the contribution of the weaker eye of individuals with strabismus and amblyopia with both eyes open and with the deviating eye in its anomalous motor position.

Methodology/results: The task consisted of a blue-on-yellow detection task along a horizontal line across the central 50 degrees of the visual field.

Off-axis partial coherence interferometry in myopes and emmetropes.

Purpose: This study describes the axial and peripheral dimensions of myopic and emmetropic eyes in a wide range of retinal locations using a non-contact optical biometer (Zeiss IOLMaster) based upon the principle of partial coherence interferometry. Understanding the optical properties of the peripheral eye may provide insight into myopia development and the possible effects on off-axis visual performance.

Methods: Fifty-two myopes (spherical equivalent between -2.

Bilateral changes in foveal structure in individuals with amblyopia.

Purpose: To examine foveal structure in amblyopia using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Participants And Controls: Two subject groups were recruited to the study: 85 amblyopes (34 adults, 51 children) and 110 visually normal controls (44 adults, 66 children).

A limited role for suppression in the central field of individuals with strabismic amblyopia.

Background: Although their eyes are pointing in different directions, people with long-standing strabismic amblyopia typically do not experience double-vision or indeed any visual symptoms arising from their condition. It is generally believed that the phenomenon of suppression plays a major role in dealing with the consequences of amblyopia and strabismus, by preventing images from the weaker/deviating eye from reaching conscious awareness. Suppression is thus a highly sophisticated coping mechanism.

Cross-sectional sample of peripheral refraction in four meridians in myopes and emmetropes.

Purpose: The study of peripheral refractive error is of growing interest as degradation of the retinal image quality in the periphery is known to affect central refractive error development and ocular shape in animal models. The purpose of this study was to measure peripheral refraction across the horizontal, vertical, and two oblique meridians in a group of myopic and emmetropic adults and to investigate retinal asymmetry in the human retina.

Methods: Thirty-one myopes (spherical equivalent between -2.

The effect of instrument alignment on peripheral refraction measurements by automated optometer.

Purpose: Interest in peripheral refraction measurement has grown in recent years in response to the insight it may provide into myopia development. In light of the likely increase in the clinical use of open-field autorefractors for peripheral refraction measurements, the question of instrument alignment and its impact on the accuracy of refraction measurements is raised. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy and precision when an open-field device was moved away from alignment with the corneal reflex towards the pupil margins, and to determine the optimum alignment position for peripheral refraction measurements.

Central and peripheral visual performance in myopes: contact lenses versus spectacles.

Purpose: Myopia is known to degrade visual performance with both optical and retinal changes implicated. Whether contact lenses or spectacles provide better visual performance for myopes is still under debate. The purpose of this study was to examine central and peripheral visual function in myopic subjects corrected with contact lenses versus spectacles.

Changes to control of adaptive gait in individuals with long-standing reduced stereoacuity.

Purpose: Gait during obstacle negotiation is adapted in visually normal subjects whose vision is temporarily and unilaterally blurred or occluded. This study was conducted to examine whether gait parameters in individuals with long-standing deficient stereopsis are similarly adapted.

Methods: Twelve visually normal subjects and 16 individuals with deficient stereopsis due to amblyopia and/or its associated conditions negotiated floor-based obstacles of different heights (7-22 cm).

Repeatability and reproducibility of macular thickness measurements using fourier domain optical coherence tomography.

Aim: To evaluate repeatability and reproducibility of macular thickness measurements in visually normal eyes using the Topcon 3D OCT-1000.

Methods: Phase 1 investigated scan repeatability, the effect of age and pupil dilation. Two groups (6 younger and 6 older participants) had one eye scanned 5 times pre and post- dilation by 1 operator.

Evidence for a learning effect in short-wavelength automated perimetry.

Purpose: To document the magnitude of any learning effect for short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) in patients with either ocular hypertension (OHT) or open-angle glaucoma (OAG) who are experienced in standard automated perimetry (SAP).

Design: Experimental study.

Participants: Thirty-five patients (22 with OHT and 13 with OAG) who had previously undergone at least 3 threshold SAP visual field examinations with the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA; Carl Zeiss Meditech Inc.

Nonveridical visual perception in human amblyopia.

Purpose: Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of spatial vision. There is evidence to suggest that some amblyopes misperceive spatial structure when viewing with the affected eye. However, there are few examples of these perceptual errors in the literature.