Utilization and outcomes of serial cervical cancer screening in a National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) in a non-Medicaid expansion state.

Purpose: Since 1990, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) has offered free cervical cancer screening to low-income, uninsured patients, increasing single time point screening and early detection rates. Little is known about NBCCEDP's longitudinal effectiveness. The objective of this study was to assess utilization of Kansas's NBCCEDP, early detection works (EDW) for one-time versus serial screening and compare rates of cervical dysplasia between groups.

Functional Analysis of RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor as a Putative Tumor Suppressor in Human Endometrial Cancer.

Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) being the most common histologic sub-type. Considering the molecular classifications of EC, efforts have been made to identify additional biomarkers that can assist in diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized therapy. We sought to explore the relationship of Repressor Element 1 (RE1) silencing transcription factor (REST), which downregulates neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissue, along with matrix metalloproteinase-24 (MMP24) and EC.

A Review of WIfI Clinical Staging to Predict Outcomes in Patients With Threatened Limbs.

The Society for Vascular Surgery Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection's (WIfI's) threatened limb classification system serves to comprehensively assess the severity of disease in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia by identifying and grading the main factors that place the threatened limb at greatest risk: wound severity, ischemic burden, and presence of infection. Each of these 3 factors is graded and the limb placed into a clinical stage, with increasing stage associated with severity of limb threat and predicted risk of major limb amputation at 1 year. Globally, there is a growing body of evidence reported from multiple institutions that has assessed amputation rates and wound-healing outcomes following revascularization in patients with WIfI clinical staging.

Initial Psychometric Properties of the Catalight Family Wellbeing Scale.

Purpose: Wellbeing refers to a person's overall happiness and satisfaction with life. Wellbeing for people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (I/DD) and their families is historically significantly lower compared to the general population. It is important in the context of behavioral health treatment to not only measure the individual who is receiving treatment's overall wellbeing, but also the wellbeing of the family.

Sterol-activated amyloid beta fibril formation.

The metabolic processes that link Alzheimer's disease (AD) to elevated cholesterol levels in the brain are not fully defined. Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque accumulation is believed to begin decades prior to symptoms and to contribute significantly to the disease. Cholesterol and its metabolites accelerate plaque formation through as-yet-undefined mechanisms.

Contemporary Medical Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Purpose: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterized by atherosclerotic arterial occlusive disease of the lower extremities and is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in addition to disabling clinical sequelae, including intermittent claudication and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Given the growing burden of disease, knowledge of modern practices to prevent MACE and major adverse limb events (MALE) is essential. This review article examines evidence for medical management of PAD and its associated risk factors, as well as wound prevention and care.

Seven-day, free-living, objectively-measured ambulatory activity: a data set from the Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance System site, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Objectives: To investigate first, the level, distribution, patterns and prevalence of seven-day, objectively-measured physical activity (ambulation) in a rural health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) site in South Africa, across demographic, temporal and anthropometric measures, within a sample of adolescent and adult participants from a defined ethnic group. Second, to investigate the strength and direction of association between levels of adiposity and physical activity (ambulation).

Data Description: The data collected comprises anonymized, individual-level, seven-day pedometry data from a cross-sectional, conveniently sampled survey conducted in 2005-2007.

The severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with adverse outcomes after open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Objective: We assessed associations between outcomes after open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair and preoperative airflow limitation stratified by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) spirometric classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity.

Methods: Among 2368 open elective TAAA repairs in patients with spirometric data, 1735 patients had COPD and 633 did not. Those with COPD were stratified by preoperative respiratory dysfunction as GOLD 1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration [FEV] ≥80% of predicted; n = 228), GOLD 2 (50% ≤ FEV < 80% of predicted; n = 1215), GOLD 3 (30% ≤ FEV < 50% of predicted; n = 260), or GOLD 4 (FEV < 30% of predicted; n = 32).

Cost-Conscious Colposcopy: A Single-Institution Review of Biopsy Submission Practices and Outcomes.

Objective: Distribution of cervical dysplasia may influence approach for excisional procedures. Separating colposcopy biopsies into multiple specimen cups for pathologic evaluation incurs additional costs. The authors aimed to determine whether the practice of separating biopsy specimens impacts patient outcomes.

Physical Activity and Its Association With Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Middle-Aged Adults From 4 Sub-Saharan African Countries.

Background: This study aimed to explore association of self-reported physical activity domains of work, leisure, and transport-related physical activity and body mass index (BMI) in 9388 adult men and women from the Africa-Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic (AWI-Gen) study in Africa. Africa-Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic is a large, population-based cross-sectional cohort with participants from 6 sites from rural and urban areas in 4 sub-Saharan African countries.

Methods: A sex-stratified meta-analysis of cross-sectional data from men and women aged 29-82 years was used to assess the association of physical activity with BMI.

Sulfotransferase 2B1b, Sterol Sulfonation, and Disease.

The primary function of human sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) is to sulfonate cholesterol and closely related sterols. SULT2B1b sterols perform a number of essential cellular functions. Many are signaling molecules whose activities are redefined by sulfonation-allosteric properties are switched "on" or "off," agonists are transformed into antagonists, and vice versa.

The N-Terminus of Human Sulfotransferase 2B1b─a Sterol-Sensing Allosteric Site.

Among human cytosolic sulfotransferases, SULT2B1b is highly specific for oxysterols─oxidized cholesterol derivatives, including nuclear-receptor ligands causally linked to skin and neurodegerative diseases, cancer and atherosclerosis. Sulfonation of signaling oxysterols redirects their receptor-binding functions, and controlling these functions is expected to prove valuable in disease prevention and treatment. SULT2B1b is distinct among the human SULT2 isoforms by virtue of its atypically long N-terminus, which extends 15 residues beyond the next longest N-terminus in the family.

Objectively-measured step cadence and walking patterns in a rural African setting: a cross-sectional analysis.

Objectives: To investigate free-living, accelerometry-derived step cadence and walking strategy parameters in 263 adult women (19-56 years) within a rural African setting. Participants were categorised into weight groups: Under-to-Normal Weight (UW/NW: < 25 kg/m), Overweight-to-Obese (OW/OB: ≥ 25 kg/m). From the minute-by-minute uni-axial accelerometry data, outcomes describing physical activity intensity, step volume, step cadence and step bouts were extracted.

Mesonephric-like Endometrial Carcinoma: Results From Immunohistochemical Screening of 300 Endometrial Carcinomas and Carcinosarcomas for This Often Overlooked and Potentially Aggressive Entity.

Mesonephric-like endometrial carcinoma is a rare but frequently misclassified and aggressive malignancy. KRAS mutations, limited estrogen receptor (ER) expression, and TTF-1, GATA3, and luminal CD10 expression are described in these tumors, but an immunohistochemistry-based screening approach has not been studied. We assessed 300 endometrial carcinomas/carcinosarcomas to ascertain the specificity of TTF-1/GATA3/luminal CD10 expression with or without ER staining for this diagnosis.

Cricopharyngeal peroral endoscopic myotomy improves oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease.

 Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) is prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) dysfunction is an important pathophysiological factor for OPD in PD. The cricopharyngeus (CP) is the main component of UES.

The molecular basis of OH-PCB estrogen receptor activation.

Polychlorinated bisphenols (PCBs) continue to contaminate food chains globally where they concentrate in tissues and disrupt the endocrine systems of species throughout the ecosphere. Hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) are major PCB metabolites and high-affinity inhibitors of human estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1), which sulfonates estrogens and thus prevents them from binding to and activating their receptors. OH-PCB inhibition of SULT1E1 is believed to contribute significantly to PCB-based endocrine disruption.

Small-molecule control of neurotransmitter sulfonation.

Controlling unmodified serotonin levels in brain synapses is a primary objective when treating major depressive disorder-a disease that afflicts ∼20% of the world's population. Roughly 60% of patients respond poorly to first-line treatments and thus new therapeutic strategies are sought. To this end, we have constructed isoform-specific inhibitors of the human cytosolic sulfotransferase 1A3 (SULT1A3)-the isoform responsible for sulfonating ∼80% of the serotonin in the extracellular brain fluid.

Subcutaneous vaccine administration - an outmoded practice.

Subcutaneous vaccine (SC) administration is an outmoded practice which complicates vaccine administration recommendations. Local adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) are a recognized determinant of vaccine hesitancy/refusal which can lead to an increased prevalence of vaccine-preventable disease.This extensive narrative review provides high-grade evidence that intramuscular (IM) administration of all vaccine types [adjuvanted, live virus and non-adjuvanted (inactivated whole cell, split cell and subunit)] significantly reduces the likelihood of local adverse events.