Delayed Rewarming Thrombocytopenia: A Suggested Preventable and Treatable Cause of Rewarming Deaths.

The lack of a consensus of accepted prognostic factors in hypothermia suggests an additional factor has been overlooked. Delayed rewarming thrombocytopenia (DRT) is a novel candidate for such a role. At body temperature, platelets undergoing a first stage of aggregation are capable of progression to a second irreversible stage of aggregation.

Properties and Acceleration Mechanisms of Electrons Up To 200 keV Associated With a Flux Rope Pair and Reconnection X-Lines Around It in Earth's Plasma Sheet.

The properties and acceleration mechanisms of electrons (<200 keV) associated with a pair of tailward traveling flux ropes and accompanied reconnection X-lines in Earth's plasma sheet are investigated with MMS measurements. Energetic electrons are enhanced on both boundaries and core of the flux ropes. The power-law spectra of energetic electrons near the X-lines and in flux ropes are harder than those on flux rope boundaries.

A Comprehensive Review of Neuropsychologic Studies Supports the Concept That Adequate Folinic Acid Rescue Prevents Post Methotrexate Neurotoxicity.

Purpose: To review all studies providing evidence of the correlation between folinic acid (FA) rescue inadequacy and long-term cognitive damage in neuropsychological studies of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or osteogenic sarcoma treated under protocols using high-dose methotrexate and FA rescue.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed of all databases of the Web of Science Citation Index, during 1990-2020, for the terms: neuropsychological, neurocognitive, and cognitive, together with acute lymphoblastic (and lymphocytic) leukemia and osteogenic sarcoma. English-language peer-reviewed articles on neuropsychological assessments of children who had been treated with high-dose methotrexate without irradiation, and which included details of methotrexate and FA schedules, were selected.

Three-dimensional network of filamentary currents and super-thermal electrons during magnetotail magnetic reconnection.

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental plasma process by which magnetic field lines on two sides of the current sheet flow inward to yield an X-line topology. It is responsible for producing energetic electrons in explosive phenomena in space, astrophysical, and laboratorial plasmas. The X-line region is supposed to be the important place for generating energetic electrons.

New Approaches Promise to Improve Local Ewing Sarcoma Results.

The study by Whelan and colleagues showed that addition of busulfan and melphalan conditioning and autologous stem cell rescue to conventional EURO-E.W.I.

Profiling sirtuin activity using Copper-free click chemistry.

The mammalian sirtuins are a group of posttranslational modification enzymes that remove acyl modifications from lysine residues in an NAD-dependent manner. Although initially proposed as histone deacetylases (HDACs), they are now known to target other cellular enzymes and proteins as well. Sirtuin-catalyzed simple amide hydrolysis has profound biological consequences including suppression of gene expression, promotion of DNA damage repair, and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.

Unrecognized platelet physiology is the cause of rewarming deaths in accidental hypothermia and neonatal cold injury.

Background: The lack of improvement in prognosis of accidental hypothermia and neonatal cold injury suggests that a major cause of mortality has not been appreciated.

Aim Of The Article: To show that thrombocytopenia that deepens on rewarming under certain conditions is that missing factor.

Scientific Basis: Below 34 °C the first stage of aggregation is accentuated, the platelets are more sensitive to ADP and aggregation studies show an increased response "first stage hyper aggregation".

Folinic acid over rescue of high dose methotrexate: How problematic citations conserve discredited concepts.

Background: The outdated axiom that the dose of Folinic acid (FA) rescue used after high dose Methotrexate (HDMTX) should be kept to a minimum in order to prevent a reduction of prognosis ("over rescue") continues to be expressed even though the concept has been seriously challenged. Study aim The ways "problematic citations" are used to support an old theory, such as this, was examined.

Results: Ten patterns of "problematic citation" use were identified.

Ice giant magnetospheres.

The ice giant planets provide some of the most interesting natural laboratories for studying the influence of large obliquities, rapid rotation, highly asymmetric magnetic fields and wide-ranging Alfvénic and sonic Mach numbers on magnetospheric processes. The geometries of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction at the ice giants vary dramatically on diurnal timescales due to the large tilt of the magnetic axis relative to each planet's rotational axis and the apparent off-centred nature of the magnetic field. There is also a seasonal effect on this interaction geometry due to the large obliquity of each planet (especially Uranus).

Cross-NASA divisional relevance of an Ice Giant mission.

Robotic space exploration to the outer solar system is difficult and expensive and the space science community works inventively and collaboratively to maximize the scientific return of missions. A mission to either of our solar system Ice Giants, Uranus and Neptune, will provide numerous opportunities to address high-level science objectives relevant to multiple disciplines and deliberate cross-disciplinary mission planning should ideally be woven in from the start. In this review, we recount past successes as well as (NASA-focused) challenges in performing cross-disciplinary science from robotic space exploration missions and detail the opportunities for broad-reaching science objectives from potential future missions to the Ice Giants.

Ice giant system exploration in the 2020s: an introduction.

The international planetary science community met in London in January 2020, united in the goal of realizing the first dedicated robotic mission to the distant ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, as the only major class of solar system planet yet to be comprehensively explored. Ice-giant-sized worlds appear to be a common outcome of the planet formation process, and pose unique and extreme tests to our understanding of exotic water-rich planetary interiors, dynamic and frigid atmospheres, complex magnetospheric configurations, geologically-rich icy satellites (both natural and captured), and delicate planetary rings. This article introduces a special issue on ice giant system exploration at the start of the 2020s.

Methods for studying human sirtuins with activity-based chemical probes.

Sirtuins are unique posttranslational modification enzymes that utilize NAD as the co-substrate to remove acyl groups from lysine residues. The deacylation events result in profound biological consequences, from transcription silencing to metabolism regulation. This article focuses on a newly developed technology using activity-based chemical probes to report sirtuin functional state in various settings.