Pattern Matters in the Aposematic Colouration of Butterflies.

Many toxic animals display bright colour patterns to warn predators about their toxicity. This sometimes leads other sympatric palatable organisms to evolve mimetic colour patterns to also evade predation. These mimics, however, are often imperfect, and it is unclear how much their colour patterns can vary away from the model before they become ineffective.

Diagnostic Accuracy of SPECT for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study examines the diagnostic accuracy of brain perfusion SPECT for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Patients And Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42023484636). Five databases were searched for studies evaluating brain perfusion SPECT in adult patients with mTBI (GCS 13-15).

Health optimization of older people in prison.

This article examines the leadership challenges of prison healthcare, specifically focusing on the ageing inmate population. It highlights the distinct health burdens faced by this demographic, including higher disease prevalence and an accelerated ageing process. The concept of prison activities of daily living is central to addressing these challenges, emphasizing the need to tailor health assessments and care plans to the unique prisoner-environment interactions.

Facilitators of and barriers to patient and public involvement in building learning health systems in community health services settings: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: The development of learning health systems (LHSs) has often focused on optimally leveraging data. More attention should be paid to patient and public involvement or community engagement in forming learning communities that work together to build LHS. This scoping review aims to identify facilitators of and barriers to involving patients and the public in building LHSs in community health services settings.

Natural history of pediatric morphine leukoencephalopathy on CT and MRI.

An increased awareness of opioids and the imaging appearance in opioid overdose-related leukoencephalopathy has rapidly become crucial with respect to its identification by emergency radiologists. It is a potentially life-threatening condition and is associated with devastating neurological outcomes. Thus, early diagnosis and management are paramount.

The LaMIT database: A read speech corpus for acoustic studies of the Italian language toward lexical access based on the detection of landmarks and other acoustic cues to features.

The LaMIT database consists in recordings of 100 Italian sentences. The sentences in the database were designed so to include all phonemes of the Italian language, and also take into account the typical frequency of each phoneme in written Italian. Four native adult speakers of Standard Italian, raised and living in Rome, Italy, two female and two male, pronounced the sentences in two different recording sessions; two repetitions for each sentence per speaker were therefore collected, for a total of 800 recordings.

The forgotten lacrimal gland and lacrimal drainage apparatus: pictorial review of CT and MRI findings and differential diagnosis.

The lacrimal gland is a bilobed serous gland located in the superolateral aspect of the orbit. Lacrimal system pathologies can be broadly divided into pathologies of the lacrimal gland and those of the nasolacrimal drainage apparatus. These include distinct congenital, infectious, inflammatory, and benign, indeterminate, and malignant neoplastic lesions.

Lexical and syntactic gemination in Italian consonants-Does a geminate Italian consonant consist of a repeated or a strengthened consonant?

Two types of consonant gemination characterize Italian: lexical and syntactic. Italian lexical gemination is contrastive, so that two words may differ by only one geminated consonant. In contrast, syntactic gemination occurs across word boundaries and affects the initial consonant of a word in specific contexts, such as the presence of a monosyllabic morpheme before the word.

Predation favours butterflies with fewer forewing eyespots.

There are fewer eyespots on the forewings versus hindwings of nymphalids but the reasons for this uneven distribution remain unclear. One possibility is that, in many butterflies, the hindwing covers part of the ventral forewing at rest and there are fewer forewing sectors to display eyespots (covered eyespots are not continuously visible and are less likely to be under positive selection). A second explanation is that having fewer forewing eyespots confers a selective advantage against predators.

MB-FSGAN: Joint segmentation and quantification of kidney tumor on CT by the multi-branch feature sharing generative adversarial network.

The segmentation of the kidney tumor and the quantification of its tumor indices (i.e., the center point coordinates, diameter, circumference, and cross-sectional area of the tumor) are important steps in tumor therapy.

Interacting Effects of Eyespot Number and Ultraviolet Reflectivity on Predation Risk in Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

Small marginal eyespots on lepidopteran wings are conspicuous elements that attract a predator's attention to deflect attacks away from the body, but the role of ultraviolet (UV) reflectivity at the center of these patterns and variation in eyespot number in altering the function of eyespots remains unclear. Here, we performed a field-based predation experiment with artificial prey items based on the appearance of squinting bush brown butterflies Bicyclus anynana (Butler, 1879). We tested how two visual properties of the wing pattern affect predation risk: i) the number of eyespots on the ventral forewing surface-two or four; and ii) the UV reflectivity of eyespot centers-normal (where the UV reflectivity of the centers contrasts strongly with that of the darker surrounding ring) or blocked (where this contrast is reduced).

Multimodal imaging of aortic annulus and root geometry after valve sparing root reconstruction.

Background: Controversy exists regarding the optimal annular stabilization technique following valve sparing aortic root reconstruction (VSRR) with no comprehensive imaging data to evaluate the natural history of aortic root graft geometry, aortic valve competency and patient prognosis post-reconstruction.

Methods: Between 2008-2017, 70 consecutive patients (mean age 56.4±16.

Eligibility for Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass: Examination of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Using Computed Tomography.

Objective: A variable that necessitates conversion to a conventional full-sternotomy coronary artery bypass procedure from a robotic-assisted endoscopic single-vessel small thoracotomy is the inability to visualize the left anterior descending coronary artery within the surrounding epicardial adipose tissue using the endoscopic camera. The purpose of this study was to determine whether anatomical properties of the epicardial adipose tissue examined using preoperative computed tomography (CT) images are able to predict and thus reduce the need for intraoperative conversion based on effective preoperative exclusion criteria.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patient preoperative CT angiography scans from both converted (n = 17) and successful robotic-assisted (n = 17) procedures was performed.

Direct and simultaneous estimation of cardiac four chamber volumes by multioutput sparse regression.

Cardiac four-chamber volume estimation serves as a fundamental and crucial role in clinical quantitative analysis of whole heart functions. It is a challenging task due to the huge complexity of the four chambers including great appearance variations, huge shape deformation and interference between chambers. Direct estimation has recently emerged as an effective and convenient tool for cardiac ventricular volume estimation.

Descriptor Learning via Supervised Manifold Regularization for Multioutput Regression.

Multioutput regression has recently shown great ability to solve challenging problems in both computer vision and medical image analysis. However, due to the huge image variability and ambiguity, it is fundamentally challenging to handle the highly complex input-target relationship of multioutput regression, especially with indiscriminate high-dimensional representations. In this paper, we propose a novel supervised descriptor learning (SDL) algorithm for multioutput regression, which can establish discriminative and compact feature representations to improve the multivariate estimation performance.

Satisfaction and Quality of Life Related to Chemotherapy With an Arm Port: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: Placement of arm ports, or totally implanted venous access devices, is a common practice in our interventional radiology suite. We implant a miniaturized port in the upper arm for the provision of long-term chemotherapy. We hypothesized that there was general satisfaction with these arm ports and they have a minimal negative impact on quality of life.

Unsupervised Freeview Groupwise Cardiac Segmentation Using Synchronized Spectral Network.

The diagnosis, comparative and population study of cardiac radiology data require heart segmentation on increasingly large amount of images from different modalities/chambers/patients under various imaging views. Most existing automatic cardiac segmentation methods are often limited to single image segmentation with regulated modality/region settings or well-cropped ROI areas, which is impossible for large datasets due to enormous device protocols and institutional differences. A pure data-driven unsupervised segmentation without regulated setting requirements is crucial in this scenario, and will significantly automate the manual work and adopt the various changes of modality, subject or view.

Multi-scale deep networks and regression forests for direct bi-ventricular volume estimation.

Direct estimation of cardiac ventricular volumes has become increasingly popular and important in cardiac function analysis due to its effectiveness and efficiency by avoiding an intermediate segmentation step. However, existing methods rely on either intensive user inputs or problematic assumptions. To realize the full capacities of direct estimation, this paper presents a general, fully learning-based framework for direct bi-ventricular volume estimation, which removes user inputs and unreliable assumptions.

Detection of Local Cancer Recurrence After Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer: Physician Performance Versus Radiomic Assessment.

Purpose: Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) is a guideline-specified treatment option for early-stage lung cancer. However, significant posttreatment fibrosis can occur and obfuscate the detection of local recurrence. The goal of this study was to assess physician ability to detect timely local recurrence and to compare physician performance with a radiomics tool.