Evaluation of Low- and Middle-Income Country Authorship in the Global Orthopaedic Literature.

Introduction: Extensive research collaborations exist between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), although prior work has raised concerns regarding equitable representation among LMIC authors. The goal of this bibliometric analysis was to characterize LMIC authorship among indexed orthopaedic journals and identify factors contributing to disparities in representation.

Methods: We identified all articles appearing in orthopaedic journals indexed in MEDLINE and Journal Citation Reports with a focus on LMICs or cohorts between 2009 and 2018.