2B-Alert App 2.0: personalized caffeine recommendations for optimal alertness.

Study Objectives: If properly consumed, caffeine can safely and effectively mitigate the effects of sleep loss on alertness. However, there are no tools to determine the amount and time to consume caffeine to maximize its effectiveness. Here, we extended the capabilities of the 2B-Alert app, a unique smartphone application that learns an individual's trait-like response to sleep loss, to provide personalized caffeine recommendations to optimize alertness.

Increasing aggression during the COVID-19 lockdowns.

Background: To combat the spread of COVID-19, many communities implemented restrictions on personal movement, often referred to as "lockdowns." We hypothesized that continued lockdowns might be associated with increased feelings of aggression.

Methods: Over the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ) was administered to a total of 5,928 adults distributed proportionally from across the United States during independent online cross-sectional surveys collected each month.