The influences of operating conditions and design configurations on the performance of symmetric electrochemical capacitors.

The influence of different charging current densities, charging times and several structural designs on symmetric electrochemical capacitor (EC) performance, including capacitance, energy density and power density, has been investigated via modelling and simulation. Understanding the effects of different operating conditions and structural design variables on a capacitor's performance will guide in the optimal design and fabrication of high performance ECs. The operating conditions and design configurations examined were charging current density, charging times, electrode and electrolyte effective conductivity, electrode thickness and electrode porosity.

Understanding performance limitation and suppression of leakage current or self-discharge in electrochemical capacitors: a review.

Self-discharge is known to have considerable adverse effects on the performance and application of electrochemical capacitors (ECs). Thus, obtaining an understanding of EC self-discharge mechanism(s) and subsequent derivation and solution of EC models, subject to a particular mechanism or combination of mechanisms during charging, discharging and storage of the device, is the only way to solve problems associated with EC self-discharge. In this review, we summarize recent progress with respect to EC self-discharge by considering the two basic types, electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC) and pseudocapacitors, and their hybrids with their respective charge storage mechanisms, distinguishable self-discharge mechanisms, charge redistribution and charge/energy loss during self-discharge.

Characterization of the Materials Synthesized by High Pressure-High Temperature Treatment of a Polymer Derived t-BC₂N Ceramic.

Bulk B-C-N materials were synthesized under static high thermobaric conditions (20 GPa and 2,000 °C) in a multianvil apparatus from a polymer derived t-BCN ceramic. The bulk samples were characterised using X-ray synchrotron radiation and analytical transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy. Polycrystalline B-C-N materials with a cubic type structure were formed under the applied reaction conditions, but the formation of a ternary cubic diamond-like c-BC₂N compound, could not be unambiguously confirmed.