mA demethylase OsALKBH5 is required for double-strand break formation and repair by affecting mRNA stability in rice meiosis.

N-methyladenosine (mA) RNA modification is the most prevalent messenger RNA (mRNA) modification in eukaryotes and plays critical roles in the regulation of gene expression. mA is a reversible RNA modification that is deposited by methyltransferases (writers) and removed by demethylases (erasers). The function of mA erasers in plants is highly diversified and their roles in cereal crops, especially in reproductive development essential for crop yield, are largely unknown.

The genome of Vicia sativa ssp. amphicarpa provides insights into the role of terpenoids in antimicrobial resistance within subterranean fruits.

Vicia sativa ssp. amphicarpa is a unique forage crop capable of simultaneously producing fruits above and below ground, representing a typical amphicarpic plant. In this study, we sequenced and assembled seven pseudo-chromosomes of the genome of V.

Reviving grain quality in wheat through non-destructive phenotyping techniques like hyperspectral imaging.

A long-term goal of breeders and researchers is to develop crop varieties that can resist environmental stressors and produce high yields. However, prioritising yield often compromises improvement of other key traits, including grain quality, which is tedious and time-consuming to measure because of the frequent involvement of destructive phenotyping methods. Recently, non-destructive methods such as hyperspectral imaging (HSI) have gained attention in the food industry for studying wheat grain quality.

The role of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic modifications in plants exposed to non-essential metals.

Contamination of the soil with non-essential metals and metalloids is a serious problem in many regions of the world. These non-essential metals and metalloids are toxic to all organisms impacting crop yields and human health. Crop plants exposed to high concentrations of these metals leads to perturbed mineral homeostasis, decreased photosynthesis efficiency, inhibited cell division, oxidative stress, genotoxic effects and subsequently hampered growth.

Challenges facing sustainable protein production: Opportunities for cereals.

Rising demands for protein worldwide are likely to drive increases in livestock production, as meat provides ∼40% of dietary protein. This will come at a significant environmental cost, and a shift toward plant-based protein sources would therefore provide major benefits. While legumes provide substantial amounts of plant-based protein, cereals are the major constituents of global foods, with wheat alone accounting for 15-20% of the required dietary protein intake.

Keeping it cool.

A well-established model for how plants start the process of flowering in periods of cold weather may need revisiting.

Chromosome-level assembly of the common vetch reference genome.

L. (common vetch, = 6) is an annual, herbaceous, climbing legume, originating in the Fertile Crescent of the Middle East and now widespread in the Mediterranean basin, West, Central and Eastern Asia, North and South America. is of economic importance as a forage legume in countries such as Australia, China, and the USA, and contributes valuable nitrogen to agricultural rotation cropping systems.

Volatile profiles of commercial vetch prepared via different processing methods.

Vicia sativa (Common Vetch) is currently an underutilised leguminous crop species with high protein content and superior drought tolerance. This study aimed to understand the mechanisms behind vetch flavor development following processing to facilitate its uptake as a future source of dietary protein. A total of 95 volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS) for a range of vetches processed by dehulling, soaking, germination, microwaving, and fermentation.

MicroRNA-resistant alleles of modify inflorescence branching and increase grain protein content of wheat.

Plant and inflorescence architecture determine the yield potential of crops. Breeders have harnessed natural diversity for inflorescence architecture to improve yields, and induced genetic variation could provide further gains. Wheat is a vital source of protein and calories; however, little is known about the genes that regulate the development of its inflorescence.

Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Analyses Provide In-Sights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Cyanide Synthesis during Seed Development in Common Vetch ( L.).

The common vetch ( L.) seed is an ideal plant-based protein food for humans, but its edible value is mainly limited by the presence of cyanogenic glycosides that hydrolyze to produce toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and the genes that regulate HCN synthesis in common vetch are unknown. In this study, seeds from common vetch at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 days after anthesis were sampled, and the seven stages were further divided into five developmental stages, S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, based on morphological and transcriptome analyses.

An Efficient Root Transformation System for Recalcitrant .

Common vetch () is a multi-purpose legume widely used in pasture and crop rotation systems. Vetch seeds have desirable nutritional characteristics and are often used to feed ruminant animals. Although transcriptomes are available for vetch, problems with genetic transformation and plant regeneration hinder functional gene studies in this legume species.

Near-Complete Genome Assembly of the Grapevine Crown Gall Pathogen Allorhizobium vitis Strain K377.

Here, we report the annotated, near-complete genome sequence of Allorhizobium vitis K377, a phytopathogenic strain isolated from a grapevine in South Australia. The assembled genome sequence is 6.40 Mb long, with 5,855 predicted protein-coding sequences, 56 tRNAs, and 12 rRNAs, and contains (tartrate metabolism; chromosomal) and nopaline synthesis, uptake, and catabolic genes (tumor-inducing plasmid-encoded).

Novel allele of the gene affects plant organ size via cell expansion in .

Plant organ size control is an essential process of plant growth and development. The regulation of plant organ size involves a complicated network of genetic, molecular interactions, as well as the interplay of environmental factors. Here, we report a temperature-sensitive hypocotyl elongation EMS-generated mutant, hereby referred to as () The elongated hypocotyl phenotype was prominent when the seedlings were grown at high temperature, 28C, but not under the growth temperature of 21C.

Quantitative and Single-Nucleotide Resolution Profiling of RNA 5-Methylcytosine.

RNA has coevolved with numerous posttranscriptional modifications to sculpt interactions with proteins and other molecules. One of these modifications is 5-methylcytosine (mC) and mapping the position and quantifying the level in different types of cellular RNAs and tissues is an important objective in the field of epitranscriptomics. Both in plants and animals bisulfite conversion has long been the gold standard for detection of mC in DNA but it can also be applied to RNA.

A High Amylose Wheat Diet Improves Gastrointestinal Health Parameters and Gut Microbiota in Male and Female Mice.

High amylose wheat (HAW) contains more resistant starch than standard amylose wheat (SAW) and may have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal health. However, it is currently unclear whether these effects differ according to the level of HAW included in the diet or between males and females. Male and female C57BL/6 mice ( = 8/group/sex) were fed SAW65 (65% SAW; control), HAW35 (35% HAW), HAW50 (50% HAW) or HAW65 (65% HAW) diet for eight weeks.

Complete Genome Sequence of Allorhizobium vitis Strain K306, the Causal Agent of Grapevine Crown Gall.

Here, we present the annotated complete genome sequence of K306, a phytopathogenic strain causing crown gall of grapevine. The K306 genome is 5.79 Mb long with 5,199 predicted protein-coding genes and contains 2 circular chromosomes of 3.

Common Vetch: A Drought Tolerant, High Protein Neglected Leguminous Crop With Potential as a Sustainable Food Source.

Global demand for protein is predicted to increase by 50% by 2050. To meet the increasing demand whilst ensuring sustainability, protein sources that generate low-greenhouse gas emissions are required, and protein-rich legume seeds have the potential to make a significant contribution. Legumes like common vetch () that grow in marginal cropping zones and are drought tolerant and resilient to changeable annual weather patterns, will be in high demand as the climate changes.

Two Nucleoporin98 homologous genes jointly participate in the regulation of starch degradation to repress senescence in Arabidopsis.

Background: Starch is synthesized during daylight for temporary storage in leaves and then degraded during the subsequent night to support plant growth and development. Impairment of starch degradation leads to stunted growth, even senescence and death. The nuclear pore complex is involved in many cellular processes, but its relationship with starch degradation has been unclear until now.

Genome-wide analysis of epigenetic and transcriptional changes associated with heterosis in pigeonpea.

Hybrids are extensively used in agriculture to deliver an increase in yield, yet the molecular basis of heterosis is not well understood. Global DNA methylation analysis, transcriptome analysis and small RNA profiling were aimed to understand the epigenetic effect of the changes in gene expression level in the two hybrids and their parental lines. Increased DNA methylation was observed in both the hybrids as compared to their parents.

Sexually Dimorphic Response of Increasing Dietary Intake of High Amylose Wheat on Metabolic and Reproductive Outcomes in Male and Female Mice.

High amylose wheat (HAW) has a higher resistant starch content and lower glycaemic index than standard amylose wheat (SAW), which may be associated with health benefits. This study aimed to determine the effects of replacing SAW with HAW on metabolic and reproductive parameters in male and female mice. Male and female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into groups ( = 8/group/sex) and fed either a SAW65 (65% SAW w/w; control), HAW35 (35% HAW w/w), HAW50 (50% HAW w/w) or HAW65 (65% HAW w/w) diet for eight weeks.

Arabidopsis TRM5 encodes a nuclear-localised bifunctional tRNA guanine and inosine-N1-methyltransferase that is important for growth.

Modified nucleosides in tRNAs are critical for protein translation. N1-methylguanosine-37 and N1-methylinosine-37 in tRNAs, both located at the 3'-adjacent to the anticodon, are formed by Trm5. Here we describe Arabidopsis thaliana AtTRM5 (At3g56120) as a Trm5 ortholog.

Purification and Functional Analysis of Plant Long Noncoding RNAs (lncRNA).

More than 70% of eukaryotic genomes are transcribed into RNA transcripts, the majority of these transcripts are noncoding protein, and their biological functions are largely unknown. Over the last decade, the application of high-throughput sequencing technologies has led to the description of almost all cellular coding and noncoding RNA transcripts except perhaps for those transcripts that are lowly abundant or those present only in specific cells that are underrepresented in sampled tissue(s). An often underrepresented class of noncoding are long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and these often play key regulatory functions for many biological processes such as cell identity and cell division.

Experimental reconstruction of double-stranded break repair-mediated plastid DNA insertion into the tobacco nucleus.

The mitochondria and plastids of eukaryotic cells evolved from endosymbiotic prokaryotes. DNA from the endosymbionts has bombarded nuclei since the ancestral prokaryotes were engulfed by a precursor of the nucleated eukaryotic host. An experimental confirmation regarding the molecular mechanisms responsible for organelle DNA incorporation into nuclei has not been performed until the present analysis.