Publications by authors named "Iain Brown"

Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of vascular compromise due to arterial injury in patients with proximal humeral fractures in a large urban setting, reporting a rare occurrence of 0.5% among 3,497 cases.
  • Key findings included significant associations between vascular complications and factors like mixed neurological deficits, specific fracture patterns, and fracture-dislocations.
  • Implementing a protocol for reduction and fixation of fractures before vascular intervention showed positive outcomes, highlighting the need for awareness of vascular injuries despite a lack of classic symptoms.
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This paper presents a proposed revision of the International Atomic Energy Agency transport regulations, related to theandlimit values used to determine the radioactive transport classification. Based on the 'system', a novel methodology was introduced to deriveandvalues related to scenarios involving external exposure from a distant source. These values are key parameters that respectively represent the total effective dose and total equivalent dose to the skin, from all primary and secondary particles contributing to radiation exposure.

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Article Synopsis
  • A monitoring program has been in place since 2006 at beaches in West Cumbria to collect small radioactive particles and larger objects.
  • The main worries for people using these beaches are skin contact with particles or accidentally swallowing them, which could lead to health issues like cancer over time.
  • Most particles are either 'beta-rich' or 'alpha-rich', with 'beta-rich' particles being the ones that could cause skin problems, but luckily, the more dangerous particles haven't been found there.
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3-3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a biologically active dimer derived from the endogenous conversion of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring glucosinolate found in many cruciferous vegetables (i.e., ).

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National Climate Change Risk Assessments (CCRAs) have a key role in informing priorities for adaptation policy but face significant challenges due to multiple facets of risk and adaptation. Issues are especially pronounced for meeting goals of environmental sustainability due to the complex dynamics of socio-ecological systems. In practice, a CCRA can therefore differ from its original conceptual blueprint.

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A 26-year-old woman developed acute compartment syndrome (ACS) of her right hand secondary to reperfusion syndrome. She suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest following a pregabalin overdose. Attending paramedics mistakenly gave intra-arterial epinephrine into her right brachial artery.

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Background: The primary aim of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in a prospective cohort of patients over a two-year post-operative period.

Methods: Patients who underwent reverse total shoulder arthroplasty were prospectively monitored for 24 months post-operatively using the Oxford Shoulder Score, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire and EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire. Any complications or use of health care resources were recorded.

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Aims: The primary aim of this study was to describe patient satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following corrective osteotomy for a symptomatic malunion of the distal radius.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 122 adult patients from a single centre over an eight-year period who had undergone corrective osteotomy for a symptomatic malunion of the distal radius. The primary long-term outcome was the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) score.

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The anticancer effects of the omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), EPA and DHA may be due, at least in part, to conversion to their respective endocannabinoid derivatives, eicosapentaenoyl-ethanolamine (EPEA) and docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine (DHEA). Here, the effects of EPEA and DHEA and their parent compounds, EPA and DHA, on breast cancer (BC) cell function was examined. EPEA and DHEA exhibited greater anti-cancer effects than EPA and DHA in two BC cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) whilst displaying no effect in non-malignant breast cells (MCF-10a).

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Article Synopsis
  • Climate change risk assessment looks at how climate change might affect us and what we can do about it while considering our society's needs.
  • It faces challenges because climate change can change a lot over time and in different places, and it can create new risks based on what people value and prefer.
  • The paper discusses new ways to understand and respond to these risks, like working with multiple areas and organizations to find the best solutions for climate issues.
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Article Synopsis
  • Climate change policies need to focus on adapting to various environmental issues like biodiversity, soil health, and water resources, while also considering how these changes affect humans.
  • The UK Climate Change Risk Assessment looks at different risks and how much progress has been made in addressing them, but there are challenges in measuring the benefits that ecosystems provide.
  • To improve resilience and manage risks, better teamwork between different sectors is needed, along with more information about how adaptation strategies are working in real life.
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Classification and mapping of land capability represents an established format for summarising spatial information on land quality and land-use potential. By convention, this information incorporates bioclimatic constraints through the use of a long-term average. However, climate change means that land capability classification should also have a dynamic temporal component.

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Hospitalization for a sudden cardiac event is a frightening experience, one that is often marked by uncertainty about health status, fear of recurrent cardiac problems, and related existential, religious, and spiritual concerns. Religious struggle, reflecting tension and strain regarding religious and spiritual issues, may arise in response to symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The present study examined the prevalence and types of religious struggle using the Brief RCOPE, as well as associations between religious struggle, psychological distress, and self-reported sleep habits among 62 patients hospitalized with suspected ACS.

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Cannabinoids-endocannaboids are possible preventatives of common diseases including cancers. Cannabinoid receptors (CB(½), TRPV1) are central components of the system. Many disease-ameliorating effects of cannabinoids-endocannabinoids are receptor mediated, but many are not, indicating non-CBR signaling pathways.

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The climatic sensitivity of four important agriculture crops (wheat, barley, oats, potatoes) in a northern temperate bioclimatic region is investigated using national-level yield data for 1963-2005. The climate variables include monthly and annual meteorological data, derived bioclimatic metrics, and the North Atlantic Oscillation index. Statistical analysis shows that significant relationships between yield and climate vary depending on the crop type and month but highlight the influence of precipitation (negative correlation) and sunshine duration (positive correlation) rather than temperature.

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The omega-3 fatty acid ethanolamides, docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA) and eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPEA), displayed greater anti-proliferative potency than their parent omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cells. DHEA and EPEA activated cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors in vitro with significant potency, suggesting that they are endocannabinoids. Both LNCaP and PC3 cells expressed CB(1) and CB(2) receptors, and the CB(1)- and CB(2)-selective antagonists, AM281 and AM630, administered separately or together, reduced the anti-proliferative potencies of EPEA and EPA but not of DHEA or DHA in PC3 cells and of EPA but not of EPEA, DHEA or DHA in LNCaP cells.

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Docetaxel is an effective chemotherapy drug to treat breast cancer but the underlying molecular mechanisms of drug resistance are not fully understood. DNA methylation is an epigenetic event, involved in the control of gene expression, which is known to play an important role in cancer and chemotherapy drug resistance. To investigate the role of DNA methylation in docetaxel resistance in breast cancer we used two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) that were made resistant to docetaxel.

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The role of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids has been extensively studied in most of the human malignancies including breast, colon, prostate, pancreas, and stomach cancers. In particular, the role of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in carcinogenesis has been extensively investigated in epidemiological, laboratory cell culture studies and studies in vivo in animal. Findings from these studies suggest that omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are cytotoxic in different cancers and act synergistically with cytotoxic drugs.

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Epidemiological studies indicate that populations consuming high levels of plant derived foods have low incidence rates of various cancers. Recent findings implicate a variety of phytochemicals, including phenolics, in these anticancer properties. Both monophenolic and polyphenolic compounds from a large variety of plant foods, spices and beverages have been shown to inhibit or attenuate the initiation, progression and spread of cancers in cells in vitro and in animals in vivo.

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To quantify gene expression levels, appropriate controls have to be used to adjust for experimental variation. Endogenous control genes are widely used as they are stably expressed independent of cell cycle and experimental conditions, however, they can be altered upon drug treatment. DNA methylation is widely studied in chemotherapy drug resistance and the DNA methylation inhibitor decitabine showed promising results reversing drug resistance in cancer.

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Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyamines, has increased activity in breast cancer tissue compared with benign and normal tissues. The ODC gene contains a single nucleotide polymorphism in which a guanine is substituted for an adenine. This study investigated whether the ODC +316 G > A polymorphism (rs2302615) was associated with the risk of developing breast cancer.

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Background & Aims: Immunonutrition, containing arginine as a key component, has been shown to enhance the immune system and significantly reduce infectious complications in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery. Arginine, however, may also influence tumour cell behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arginine on tumour cell growth, invasion and modulation of expression of genes involved in these aspects of cell behaviour.

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Background: Evidence is growing for beneficial interactions between omega-3 fatty acids from fish and chemotherapy agents in certain human cancers. Evidence for similar effects in prostate cancer is lacking. We investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-22:6n-3), a component of fish oil, on the cytotoxicity of docetaxel in prostate cancer cells.

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Diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for frozen shoulder. This study was performed to quantify this association and test any relationship with other risk factors for diabetic complications. Patients attending diabetic (n = 865) and general medical (n = 202) clinics were interviewed and examined.

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