Diagnostic Accuracy of Online Visual Acuity Testing of Paediatric Patients.

Background/objectives: Remote assessment of children's visual acuity became necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the extent of agreement between hospital-based clinical testing and clinician-led home-based testing.

Subjects/methods: 50 children aged 2-16 (median 8) years attending hospital eye services at two UK hospitals had routine hospital-based acuities compared with subsequent online, orthoptist-supervised home visual acuities.

Teleophthalmology-Enabled Direct Vitreoretinal Surgery Listing from Community Optometric Practice: Enhanced Efficiency During Coronavirus Disease 2019, and Beyond?

To share a method of appropriately connecting patients directly to tertiary ophthalmology centers where subspecialist vitreoretinal (VR) surgical management is required during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We present our experience of a live teleophthalmology link directly connecting an optometrist to tertiary center VR team at the point of retinal detachment presentation within the community. After the COVID-19 lockdown in National Health Service Forth Valley, Emergency Eye Care Treatment Centers have been set up where optometrists are the first point of contact for patients in the community.

Too Many Shades of Grey: Photometrically and Spectrally Mismatched Targets and Backgrounds in Printed Acuity Tests for Infants and Young Children.

Purpose: Acuity tests for infants and young children use preferential looking methods that require a perceptual match of brightness and color between grey background and target spatial average. As a first step in exploring this matching, this article measures photometric and colorimetric matches in these acuity tests.

Methods: The luminance, uniformity, contrast, and color spectra of Teller Acuity Cards, Keeler Acuity Cards for Infants, and Lea Paddles under ambient, warm, and cold lighting, and of grey-emulating patterns on four digital displays, were measured.

Extending the Reach and Task-Shifting Ophthalmology Diagnostics Through Remote Visualisation.

Driven by the global increase in the size and median age of the world population, sight loss is becoming a major public health challenge. Furthermore, the increased survival of premature neonates in low- and middle-income countries is causing an increase in developmental paediatric ophthalmic disease. Finally, there is an ongoing change in health-seeking behaviour worldwide, with consequent demand for increased access to healthcare, including ophthalmology.

Screen and Virtual Reality-Based Testing of Contrast Sensitivity.

Contrast sensitivity is a key visual ability for everyday tasks, as well as a potential indicator of important optical and neurological diseases. Current clinical standards, based on visual discrimination performance on printed charts, present problems that could be bypassed using electronic devices. This work describes the development of new tests for contrast sensitivity, based on the detection of a moving target on a computer screen and in virtual reality headset.

Low-Cost Eye Phantom for Stereophotogrammetry-Based Optic Nerve Head Topographical 3D Imaging.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally. Stereophotogrammetry-based optic nerve head topographical imaging systems could potentially allow for objective glaucoma assessment in settings where technologies such as optical coherence tomography and the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph are prohibitively expensive. In the development of such systems, eye phantoms are invaluable tools for both system calibration and performance evaluation.

3D Reconstruction of the Optic Nerve Head of a Phantom Eye from Images Obtained using a Slit Lamp Fitted with Low Cost Add-Ons.

Early detection and treatment are key in limiting vision loss from glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Morphological alteration of the optic nerve head (ONH), detectable early in the condition, is a key clinical indicator. The mainstay for evaluation in clinics is the subjective assessment of stereoscopic ONH images.

Clinical Validation of a Smartphone-Based Adapter for Optic Disc Imaging in Kenya.

Importance: Visualization and interpretation of the optic nerve and retina are essential parts of most physical examinations.

Objective: To design and validate a smartphone-based retinal adapter enabling image capture and remote grading of the retina.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This validation study compared the grading of optic nerves from smartphone images with those of a digital retinal camera.

Development and Validation of a Smartphone-Based Visual Acuity Test (Peek Acuity) for Clinical Practice and Community-Based Fieldwork.

Importance: Visual acuity is the most frequently performed measure of visual function in clinical practice and most people worldwide living with visual impairment are living in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: To design and validate a smartphone-based visual acuity test that is not dependent on familiarity with symbols or letters commonly used in the English language.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Validation study conducted from December 11, 2013, to March 4, 2014, comparing results from smartphone-based Peek Acuity to Snellen acuity (clinical normal) charts and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) logMAR chart (reference standard).

A smartphone based ophthalmoscope.

A low-cost alternative to the direct ophthalmoscope, a simple optical adapter for a smartphone, is described. It can overcome many of the technical challenges of fundoscopy, providing a high-resolution view of the retina through an un-dilated pupil. This can be used in locations with limited diagnostic resources to detect conditions such as glaucomatous optic neuropathy.