Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System in the Control of Pain and Obesity by Exercise in Rodents: A Systematic Review.

Studies in recent years have shown that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system is activated by exercise and modulates several physiological processes. Thus, the present review aimed to summarize the literature about the involvement of the eCB system in the control of pain, obesity, and metabolism by exercise. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for experimental studies that investigated the presence of the eCB system in animal models of pain and obesity, in which the animals were subjected to different exercise modalities.

Synergistic effect of cannabidiol and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on neuropathic and inflammatory pain in mice.

Objectives: Pain is the most common cause of seeking healthcare and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Although cannabidiol and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) are effective and safe strategies for treating chronic pain, the combined effect of these interventions remains overlooked. To compare the isolated and combined effect of cannabidiol and TENS in the treatment of experimental neuropathic and inflammatory pain.

Resistance Exercise and Whey Protein Supplementation Reduce Mechanical Allodynia and Spinal Microglia Activation After Acute Muscle Trauma in Rats.

Muscle injury caused by direct trauma to the skeletal muscle is among the main musculoskeletal disorders. Non-pharmacological treatments have been effective in controlling muscle injury-induced pain; however, there are just a few studies in the literature investigating this response. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of a resistance exercise training protocol combined or not with whey protein supplementation on mechanical allodynia induced by muscle injury.

Investigation of the effects of therapeutic ultrasound or photobiomodulation and the role of spinal glial cells in osteoarthritis-induced nociception in mice.

Pain is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis, and spinal glia is known to contribute to this symptom. Therapeutic ultrasound and laser therapy have been used to effectively treat osteoarthritis, with few adverse effects. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of ultrasound and photobiomodulation on the symptoms and evaluate the participation of spinal glia in osteoarthritis-induced nociception in mice.

Preclinical evaluation of methotrexate-loaded polyelectrolyte complexes and thermosensitive hydrogels as treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.

This work proposes new methotrexate (MTX) loaded drug delivery systems (DDS) to treat rheumatoid arthritis via the intra-articular route: a poloxamer based thermosensitive hydrogel (MTX-HG), oligochitosan and hypromellose phthalate-based polyelectrolyte complexes (MTX-PEC) and their association (MTX-PEC-HG). MTX-PEC showed 470 ± 166 nm particle size, 0.298 ± 0.

Participation of CXCL1 in the glial cells during neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain characterized by injury to the central or peripheral nervous system and that most often causes disability in individuals. Among the mechanisms involved in central sensitization during neuropathic pain are cytokines and chemokines released by spinal glial cells; however, these mechanisms are not well elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the involvement of Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and glial cells in this process.

Investigation of the Involvement of the Endocannabinoid System in TENS-Induced Antinociception.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) promotes antinociception by activating the descending pain modulation pathway and consequently releasing endogenous analgesic substances. In addition, recent studies have shown that the endocannabinoid system controls pain. Thus, the present study investigated the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in TENS-induced antinociception of cancer pain using a cancer pain model induced by intraplantar (i.