Prevalence of celiac disease-specific antibodies and their association with clinical status and environmental factors.

Background And Aims: Celiac disease (CeD) affects 1-2% of the world's population. The aim of this study was to relate the incidence of CeD-related serological markers to symptoms, pathologies, and environmental exposure to wheat flour, given the number of flour mills present in the region.

Materials & Methods: Serum samples were collected from 537 inhabitants from a rural city.

Parental Knowledge and Its Impact on Nutrition and Oral Health Habits in Children: A Cognitive Investigation.

: The correlation between the intake of certain nutrients and the development of oral pathologies has been demonstrated by several studies. The objective of this epidemiological investigation was to evaluate parents' knowledge and awareness of children's nutrition starting from the early stages of childhood. : A questionnaire with 35 questions was handed over to 120 parents of infants aged 4 to 24 months.

Biochemical Characterisation of Sis: A Distinct Thermophilic PETase with Enhanced NanoPET Substrate Hydrolysis and Thermal Stability.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation by enzymatic hydrolysis is significant for addressing plastic pollution and fostering sustainable waste management practices. Identifying thermophilic and thermostable PET hydrolases is particularly crucial for industrial bioprocesses, where elevated temperatures may enhance enzymatic efficiency and process kinetics. In this study, we present the discovery of a novel thermophilic and thermostable PETase enzyme named Sis, obtained through metagenomic sequence-based analysis.

Effect of Different Graft Material Consistencies in the Treatment of Minimal Bone Dehiscence: A Retrospective Pilot Study.

Among different therapeutic strategies proposed in the case of bone volume deficit, guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a consolidated surgical procedure. The objective of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the behavior of two bone grafts with different consistencies in the GBR procedure by measuring the volumetric tissue changes 1 year after surgery. For this retrospective analysis, 25 cases of GBR with simultaneous implant insertion were selected.

Nano-superhydrophilic and bioactive surface in poor bone environment. Part 1: transition from primary to secondary stability. A controlled clinical trial : Bioactive implant surfaces in poor density bone.

Objectives: Bioactive surfaces were designed to increase the interaction between the surface and the cells. This may speed up the biological stability and loading protocols.

Materials And Methods: 36 patients with D3-D4 bone density were recruited and allocated into two groups.

Effect of auxiliary geometric devices on the accuracy of intraoral scans in full-arch implant-supported rehabilitations: An in vitro study.

Objectives: The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of a novel auxiliary geometric device (AGD) on the accuracy of full-arch scans captured with 3 different intraoral scanners (IOS).

Methods: An edentulous maxillary model with four internal connection implant replicas was scanned using 3 different IOS: iTero Element 5D (ITERO) (Align Technology, Tempe, AZ, USA), Trios 4 (TRIOS) (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark), and Carestream 3700 (CS) (Carestream Dental, Atlanta, USA). Thirty-six scans were taken with each IOS, 18 with the AGD in place, and 18 without the AGD.

Vacuum Plasma Treatment Device for Enhancing Fibroblast Activity on Machined and Rough Titanium Surfaces.

This study was conducted to compare the effects of an innovative plasma surface treatment device that does not need a gas supply for titanium disks with two different surface topographies: the prototypical machined surface (MAC) and one of the most diffused roughened ones (SL) obtained through grit blasting and acid etching. A total of 200-MAC and 200-SL titanium disks were used. Each group of disks was divided into four sub-groups of 40 samples each that were subjected to five different tests.

Effect of argon plasma abutment activation on soft tissue healing: RCT with histological assessment.

Objective: To assess the peri-implant soft tissue profiles between argon plasma treatment (PT) and non-treated (NPT) healing abutments by comparing clinical and histological parameters 2 months following abutment placement.

Materials And Methods: Thirty participants were randomly assigned to argon-plasma treatment abutments group (PT) or non-treated abutments (NPT) group. Two months after healing abutment placement, soft peri-implant tissues and abutment were harvested, and histological and clinical parameters including plaque index, bleeding on probing, and keratinized mucosa diameter (KM) were assessed.

Reviewing the state of biosensors and lab-on-a- chip technologies: opportunities for extreme environments and space exploration.

The space race is entering a new era of exploration, in which the number of robotic and human missions to various places in our solar system is rapidly increasing. Despite the recent advances in propulsion and life support technologies, there is a growing need to perform analytical measurements and laboratory experiments across diverse domains of science, while keeping low payload requirements. In this context, lab-on-a-chip nanobiosensors appear to be an emerging technology capable of revolutionizing space exploration, given their low footprint, high accuracy, and low payload requirements.

Novel GH109 enzymes for bioconversion of group A red blood cells to the universal donor group O.

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) have been employed for industrial and biotechnological purposes and often play an important role in new applications. The red blood cell (RBC) antigen system depends on the composition of oligosaccharides on the surface of erythrocytes, thus defining the ABO blood type classification. Incorrect blood transfusions may lead to fatal consequences, making the availability of the correct blood group critical.

Development of an immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of GADA and ZnT8A in autoimmune diabetes using a ZnT8/GAD65 chimeric molecule.

Introduction: The combined presence of autoantibodies to the 65 kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and to the islet-specific cation efflux transporter ZnT8 (ZnT8A) in serum is the best predictive sign of the loss of immune tolerance and the clinical manifestation of autoimmune diabetes mellitus (DM). The screening of GADA and ZnT8A could help to reach to a correct diagnosis and to start an early and adequate treatment. The aim of the study was to develop an immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of these autoantibodies using a chimera molecule that includes the immunodominant regions of ZnT8 and GAD65, expressed by baculovirus-insect cells system.

Glycoside hydrolases from (hyper)thermophilic archaea: structure, function, and applications.

(Hyper)thermophilic archaeal glycosidases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds to break down complex sugars and polysaccharides at high temperatures. These enzymes have an unique structure that allows them to remain stable and functional in extreme environments such as hot springs and hydrothermal vents. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge and milestones on the structures and functions of (hyper)thermophilic archaeal glycosidases and their potential applications in various fields.

Sinus floor augmentation using crestal approach in conjunction with hydroxyapatite/cross-linked collagen sponge: A pilot study.

Background: Different biomaterials were suggested for sinus floor augmentation (SFA). Recently, new materials were launched showing true bone formation without remnants.

Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate an hydroxyapatite-based, sugar cross-linked collagen sponge (OSSIX™ Bone) in transcrestal SFA (t-SFA).

Archaea as a Model System for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology.

Archaea represents the third domain of life, displaying a closer relationship with eukaryotes than bacteria. These microorganisms are valuable model systems for molecular biology and biotechnology. In fact, nowadays, methanogens, halophiles, thermophilic euryarchaeota, and crenarchaeota are the four groups of archaea for which genetic systems have been well established, making them suitable as model systems and allowing for the increasing study of archaeal genes' functions.

Novel bridge multi-species ELISA for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Unlabelled: Considering the course of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it is important to have serological tests for monitoring humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Herein we describe a novel bridge enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (b-ELISA) for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detection in human and other species, employing recombinant Spike protein as a unique antigen, which is produced at high scale in insect larvae.

Methods: Eighty two human control sera/plasmas and 169 COVID-19 patients' sera/plasmas, confirmed by rRT-PCR, were analyzed by the b-ELISA assay.

Hybrid Funnel Technique: A Novel Approach for Implant Site Preparation: A Pilot Study.

(1) Background: Different techniques and tools have been developed for implant site preparation. In this clinical scenario, Hybrid Funnel Technique (HFT), a novel osteotomy procedure, has been proposed. (2) Aim: The aim of this retrospective observational study was to consider the different responses to compression of the histological bony compartments (cancellus and cortical).

Porphyromonas gingivalis amount in the tongue biofilm is associated with erosive arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Several data have demonstrated the occurrence of erosive arthritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, a few studies have focused on the pathogenic mechanisms involved in this feature. The implication of oral pathogens has been proved in Rheumatoid Arthritis: in particular, (), by inducing citrullination, could trigger autoimmune response.

Trends in Sustainable Dentistry.

The advance of Dentistry must take into account national, European and global policies for sustainable development and green transition. This article illustrates possible scenarios in this context for the next decade.

Correction of oxidative stress enhances enzyme replacement therapy in Pompe disease.

Pompe disease is a metabolic myopathy due to acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency. In addition to glycogen storage, secondary dysregulation of cellular functions, such as autophagy and oxidative stress, contributes to the disease pathophysiology. We have tested whether oxidative stress impacts on enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA), currently the standard of care for Pompe disease patients, and whether correction of oxidative stress may be beneficial for rhGAA therapy.

Carnitine is a pharmacological allosteric chaperone of the human lysosomal -glucosidase.

Pompe disease is an inherited metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of the lysosomal acid -glucosidase (GAA). The only approved treatment is enzyme replacement therapy with the recombinant enzyme (rhGAA). Further approaches like pharmacological chaperone therapy, based on the stabilising effect induced by small molecules on the target enzyme, could be a promising strategy.

Rapid and cost-effective process based on insect larvae for scale-up production of SARS-COV-2 spike protein for serological COVID-19 testing.

Serology testing for COVID-19 is important in evaluating active immune response against SARS-CoV-2, studying the antibody kinetics, and monitoring reinfections with genetic variants and new virus strains, in particular, the duration of antibodies in virus-exposed individuals and vaccine-mediated immunity. In this study, recombinant S protein of SARS-CoV-2 was expressed in Rachiplusia nu, an important agronomic plague. One gram of insect larvae produces an amount of S protein sufficient for 150 determinations in the ELISA method herein developed.

Programmed Deviations of Ribosomes From Standard Decoding in Archaea.

Genetic code decoding, initially considered to be universal and immutable, is now known to be flexible. In fact, in specific genes, ribosomes deviate from the standard translational rules in a programmed way, a phenomenon globally termed recoding. Translational recoding, which has been found in all domains of life, includes a group of events occurring during gene translation, namely stop codon readthrough, programmed ± 1 frameshifting, and ribosome bypassing.