Exploring the Impact of Extended Amino Acid Supplementation on Body Composition and Psychopathology in Patients with Eating Disorders Undergoing Psycho-Nutritional Rehabilitation.

Background: Eating disorders are frequently linked to protein-energy malnutrition, resulting from chronic energy intake reduction, and leading to reduced body weight and altered body composition. A nutritional approach based on the supplementation with a mixture of essential amino acids has proven effective in conditions characterized by reduced dietary intake and increased degradation of endogenous proteins and might also contribute to correct the amino acid deficiency possibly involved in the pathogenesis of eating disorders.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of amino acid supplementation in conjunction with a standard psycho-nutritional rehabilitation program on body composition, symptoms and psychopathology status in 30 female patients with eating disorders hospitalized at the Residenza Palazzo Francisci in Todi, Italy.

Disparities in tuberculosis diagnostic delays between native and migrant populations in Italy: A multicenter study.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a Global Health challenge, with diagnostic delays contributing significantly to its spread. This study investigates the differences in diagnostic delays between native and migrant TB patients in Italy, examining patient-related diagnostic delay (PDD), health system-related diagnostic delay (HDD), and total diagnostic delay (TDD).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study of TB cases in 10 Italian hospitals from 2018 to 2023.

Breathomics: may it become an affordable, new tool for early diagnosis of non-small-cell lung cancer? An exploratory study on a cohort of 60 patients.

Objectives: Analysis of breath, specifically the patterns of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has shown the potential to distinguish between patients with lung cancer (LC) and healthy individuals (HC). However, the current technology relies on complex, expensive and low throughput analytical platforms, which provide an offline response, making it unsuitable for mass screening. A new portable device has been developed to enable fast and on-site LC diagnosis, and its reliability is being tested.

Real life experience on the use of Remdesivir in patients admitted to COVID-19 in two referral Italian hospital: a propensity score matched analysis.

Remdesivir (RDV) was the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medication for COVID-19, with discordant data on efficacy in reducing mortality risk and disease progression. In the context of a dynamic and rapidly changing pandemic landscape, the utilization of real-world evidence is of utmost importance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of RDV on patients who have been admitted to two university referral hospitals in Italy due to COVID-19.

Cardiac Tuberculosis: A Case Series from Ethiopia, Italy, and Uganda and a Literature Review.

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is estimated to account for up to 20% of active cases of TB disease, but its prevalence is difficult to ascertain because of the difficulty of diagnosis. Involvement of the heart is uncommon, with constrictive pericarditis being the most common cardiac manifestation. Diagnostic research for cardiac disease is frequently lacking, resulting in a high mortality rate.

Stool Xpert MTB/RIF as a possible diagnostic alternative to sputum in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Worldwide, COVID-19 pandemic lead to a large fall in the number of newly reported TB cases. In sub-Saharan Africa, microbiological diagnosis of TB is generally based on smear microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF on sputum samples, but good quality sputum samples are often difficult to obtain, leading clinicians to rely on more invasive procedures for diagnosis. Aim of this study was to investigate pooled sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF on stool samples compared to respiratory microbiological reference standards in African countries.

Thymectomy in severe (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America classes IV-V) generalized myasthenia gravis: is the game really worth the candle?

Objectives: Total thymectomy in addition to medical treatment is an accepted standard therapy for myasthenia gravis (MG). Patients with severe generalized MG present life-threatening events, poor prognosis and higher risk of postoperative myasthenic crisis. The aim of our study is to investigate neurological and surgical results in patients with Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) class IV and V MG following thymectomy.

Catamenial pneumothorax: Not only VATS diagnosis.

Background: Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is a rare type of spontaneous, recurring pneumothorax occurring in women, from the day before menstruation until 72 hours after its beginning. Conservative treatment is generally associated with recurrence of CP. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) approach allows not only to obtain diagnosis but also to guide definitive treatment of causing lesions, such as ectopic endometrial implants or diaphragmatic defects and fenestrations.

Chitosan and Pectin Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering and In Vitro Modeling.

Hydrogels are fascinating biomaterials that can act as a support for cells, i.e., a scaffold, in which they can organize themselves spatially in a similar way to what occurs in vivo.

High risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome in migrant population with tuberculosis: Data from three Italian hospitals.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains an unresolved global health problem and vulnerable groups such as migrants remain the most affected with a higher risk of worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical features, outcomes, and adverse events in migrant and native Italian patients admitted to three Italian hospitals in Southern Italy in order to assess differences and targeted strategies.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study on TB patients admitted between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2021, in three Apulia hospitals.

Case report: Successful multimodal assessment and management of chemothorax.

Dislocation or wrong placement of central venous catheters into the pleural cavity is rare, but if undiagnosed, may cause major, sometimes life-threatening, complications (pneumothorax, hemothorax, infection, and migration) and accidental pleural effusion due to intravenous injection of fluids containing drugs (i.e. chemotherapy, antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, other).

Loa loa in the Vitreous Cavity of the Eye: A Case Report and State of Art.

Loa loa is a filarial nematode responsible for loiasis, endemic to West-Central Africa south of the Sahara and transmitted by flies. This study reports a case of L. loa in the vitreous cavity of the eye of a young patient, along with an in-depth literature review.

Multidisciplinary Approach in the Treatment of Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis: Twenty-Year Single-Center Experience.

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is an acute, rare, severe condition with high mortality, but the optimal management protocol is still controversial. We retrospectively analyzed the results of multidisciplinary management in patients treated for DNM at our center over the last twenty years. Fifteen male patients, mean age 49.

Eating Disorders in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perspective.

Background: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, current epidemiological conditions may exacerbate the risk of new-onset, recurrence and relapse of eating disorders. This perspective aims to better analyse the phenomenon.

Results: Some data suggest that new-onset and recurrence/relapse of eating disorders are increasing due to the pandemic.

Impact of Vitamin D in Prophylaxis and Treatment in Tuberculosis Patients.

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in many infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB), that remains one of the world's top infectious killers with 1.5 million deaths from TB in 2021. Vitamin D suppresses the replication of in vitro and showed a promising role in TB management as a result of its connection with oxidative balance.

Potential Role of Vitamins A, B, C, D and E in TB Treatment and Prevention: A Narrative Review.

(1) Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the world's top infectious killers, in fact every year 10 million people fall ill with TB and 1.5 million people die from TB. Vitamins have an important role in vital functions, due to their anti-oxidant, pro-oxidant, anti-inflammatory effects and to metabolic functions.

Eating Disorders and Type 1 Diabetes: A Perspective.

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk of clinical eating disorders (EDs) and disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) than the general population. This burden is related mainly to diabetes-related physical and psychosocial issues especially beginning during childhood. DEBs must be investigated carefully and promptly managed in case of suspicion, as they can evolve into severe clinical EDs over time and are strictly related to poor outcomes.

Lymph Nodes Involvement and Lymphadenectomy in Thymic Tumors: Tentative Answers for Unsolved Questions.

Thymic tumors are the most common primary neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum, although, when compared with the entire thoracic malignancies, they are still rare. Few studies addressed the questions about lymph node involvement pattern in thymic neoplasms, about which subgroup of patients would be appropriate candidates for lymph node dissection or about the extent of lymphadenectomy or which lymph nodes should be harvested. The aim of this review is to collect evidence from the literature to help physicians in designing the best surgical procedure when dealing with thymic malignancies.

Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma: A Pre and Intraoperative Diagnostic Challenge. Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature.

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma is a rare benign pulmonary tumor of primitive epithelial origin. Because of the unspecific radiological features mimicking malignancies and its histological heterogeneity, the differential diagnosis with adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumors is still challenging. We report our experience of two cases of sclerosing pneumocytoma, as well as a review of the literature.

A Prospective, observational, Italian multi-center registry of self-aPposing® cOronary Stents in patients presenting with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial InfarcTION: The iPOSITION registry.

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) can be challenging for high thrombus burden and catecholamine-induced vasoconstriction. The Xposition-S stent was designed to prevent stent undersizing and minimize strut malapposition. We evaluated 1-year clinical outcomes of a nitinol, self-apposing®, sirolimus-eluting stent, pre-mounted on a novel balloon delivery system, in de novo lesions of patients presenting with STEMI undergoing pPCI.

A Rare Case of Mediastinal Masson's Tumor Mimicking a Thymoma.

Masson's tumor or intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia is a rare nonmalignant pseudotumoral disease, arising in different anatomic sites, that can clinically and radiologically mimic various benign and malignant tumors. We report an exceptional case of mediastinal Masson's tumor, mimicking a thymoma, in a 48-year-old man, successfully treated with surgery. Though surgical removal may be technically difficult because of the intrinsic hypervascularized nature of these pseudotumoral benign lesions, resection is generally recommended, as they represent a locus minoris resistentiae of blood vessels, potentially causing fatal bleedings.