Publications by authors named "Ia V Lazareva"

Preclinical and clinical investigations of levofloxacin in complex with antituberculosis drugs of the main and reserve groups in 152 patients with newly diagnosticated drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis demonstrated its efficacy and safety. The adverse events due to levofloxacin (8.6% of the cases) disappeared after discontinuation of the drug use without any affection of the patient's organs.

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Efficacy and safety of the difluoroquinolone sparfloxacine used in combined therapy for drug-succeptible and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis were studied. Clinical trials enrolled 60 patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis. The most effective combinations of sparfloxacine and other antituberculous drugs were determined.

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The effectiveness and safety of the difluoroquinolone sparflo (sparfloxacine) used in combined therapy for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis were studied. Clinical trials were carried out in 60 patients with severe pulmonary tuberculosis. The more effective combinations of sparfo and other antituberculous drugs were determined.

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Sixty-two case histories of Moscow children aged 4-12 years, treated at the Central Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, for first detected intrathoracic lymph node tuberculosis (ITLNT), were studied. Planned and prophylactic studies revealed the disease in 95.1% (including 66.

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The data on 1400 patients with first diagnosed drug-resistant tuberculosis, who were followed up in 2000-2005, have been used to analyze the causes of and factors predisposing to the development of clinical, X-ray, and bacteriological features of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The prevalence of its clinical forms with a rapid progression of the process, with complications, comorbidity, the high frequency of multidrug resistance, total resistance, and massiveness and duration of bacterial isolation, which are commonly observed in socially dysadapted patients in incompliance of appropriate treatment regimens, is shown to determine a great epidemic danger. These features should be taken into account on developing and implementing the appropriate measures in both tuberculosis facilities and general hospitals.

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Ninety-four children and adolescents with tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (TITLN) were operated on. Late diagnosis and long-term ineffective antituberculous therapy (chemotherapy lasted 2-3 years in 29.8% and 4-5 years in 19.

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This paper deals with a follow-up of children referred for further studies with a presumptive diagnosis of minor tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (ITLN). The authors compare the efficiency and implication of all used X-ray tomographic studies. In 2002 to 2005, a total of 187 children were examined by survey X-ray study, imaging, and computed tomography (CT).

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The radiation technique is the only method for timely identification of pulmonary tuberculosis, and there has been no alternative to it so far. The authors provide convincing evidence for this, by conducting 720 test trials on an AMTsR-1 small-dose high-resolution (3.2 to 5 pairs of lines per mm) digital X-ray apparatus made in Russia.

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Six hundred and seventy-six children suffering from tuberculosis and infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) were examined. The specific features of the involvement of intrathoracic lymph nodes (ITLN), their extent, site localization, size, structure, and secondary changes in the adjacent tissues were identified. A computed tomographic (CT) classification of ITLN was proposed.

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Computed tomography (CT) as a priority radiation diagnostic technique for interstitial lung diseases was used to examine 35 patients with disseminated interstitial lymphogenous tuberculosis (ILT). Individuals having ILT amounted to 29% of the total number of the patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. The major CT markers of ILT are interstitial diffuse bilateral lesion with the reticular or reticulonodular macrostructure.

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It was shown in vitro that moxifloxacin by its activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (susceptible and resistant to the main antituberculosis agents) was highly superior to lomefloxacin (by 2 to 4 times by the MIC and by 4 times by the MBC). In murine lung tissue culture the highest effect was observed with the use of moxifloxacin in combination with isoniazid and pirazinamide. The efficacy of the regimens with the use of moxifloxacin was estimated in the treatment of 152 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosticated for the first time.

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Computed tomography (CT) was made in 75 children and adolescents infected with M. tuberculosis. As shown by x-ray, they had normal lungs and mediastinum.

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The paper provides a retrospective analysis of scans of chest computed tomography (CT) in children who had different forms of intrathoracic or were tuberculin positive. The children had no cardiovascular diseases or clinical signs of Botallo's duct patency. CT was performed without contrast reinforcement.

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Computed tomography (CT) revealed cirrhotic tuberculosis in 52 patients. In most patients, cirrhosis resulted from infiltrative and fibrocavernous tuberculosis, less frequently from tuberculous bronchoadenitis, disseminated and focal tuberculosis, caseous pneumonia. Segmental cirrhosis was present in 15 patients, multisegmental and lobar cirrhosis in 19, and bilateral lung cirrhosis in 2.

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Computer tomography (CT) imaging was made in 22 patients with acute tuberculosis--caseous and infiltrative-caseous pneumonia. CT role in detection of caseous changes, assessment of the extent and structure of caseosis, in differentiation of caseous and infiltrative-caseous pneumonia is described. CT is suggested to be an optimal roentgenological method of identifying caseous-pneumonic forms of tuberculosis.

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Computed tomography (CT) was used to examine 48 children aged 3 to 14 years; among them 15 patients were studied for small tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes (ITLN), 33 for infiltrative and tumorous forms, 19 infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis with progressive positive hyperergic tuberculin reactions or with its variations. Chest CT study of children with ITLN tuberculosis established the precise site of lymph nodal involvement, evaluated the lymph nodes based on their density, homogeneity, the presence of liquid and solid caseous portions, cavities, calcifications, and the affection of the adjacent mediastinal organs. CT data were used to make a differential diagnosis of bulky mediastinal formations regarded as ITLN tuberculosis.

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The effect of lomefloxacin in combination with isoniazid, pyrazinamide, streptomycin or ethambutol on the process of tuberculosis and concomitant nonspecific pathological processes in the lungs was investigated in the treatment of 69 patients with newly diagnosticated acute progressive destructive tuberculosis of the lungs and isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was shown that lomefloxacin provided rapid disappearance of the disease clinical signs and bacillus isolation in the patients with tuberculosis due to the tubercle bacilli susceptible or resistant to the main antituberculosis drugs, acceleration of the resolution of the infiltrates and caseous lesions in the lungs and elimination of the pathological processes in the bronchi. The tolerance of lomefloxacin was satisfactory and it did not affect the tolerance of the other antituberculosis drugs.

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Among 454 adults with various lung diseases, patients with calcified intrathoracic lymph nodes (CITLN) formed after latent and spontaneously cured primary tuberculosis infection were identified by computed tomographic findings. Among the patients with tuberculosis, there were 6% of cases with CITLN, 68% with central cancer, 46% with peripheral cancer, 37% with pneumonia. Among the patients with tuberculosis, CITLN as a possible source of reactivation of tuberculosis infection and occurrence of secondary tuberculosis had no substantial impact on the occurrence of secondary tuberculosis in adults.

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The paper presents data on the use of computed tomography in transthoracic paracentesis of tuberculous caverns for diagnostic and therapeutical purposes. The topography of caverns, their size, the pattern of the cavernous wall, the degree of development and intensity of a fibrous layer were assessed from computed tomographic findings, which was a guide in choosing the procedure of paracentesis of the lung and topical treatment. The patency of draining bronchi was determined by computed tomography to choose instillations or spraying of antibiotics into the cavern.

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