[Participation of beta2-integrins CD11b/CD18 and CD11c/CD18 in adhesion and migration of cells on fibrinogen].

The role of beta2-integrins CD11b/CD18 and CD 11c/CD 18 in adhesion and migration of leukocytes on fibrinogen was studied. The monoclonal antibodies against CD11b inhibited the spontaneous adhesion of monocytic THP-1 cells on fibrinogen, whereas antibodies to CD11c more effectively inhibited the adhesion stimulated by chemokine MCP-1. By the RNA-interference method the clones of THP-1 with reduced expression of CD11b and general beta2-subunit CD18 were obtained.

[Receptive fields of cat striate neurons: dynamics of weight and topographical characteristics of the excitatory zone of the neuron receptive fields in the visual cortex].

In 22 acute experiments on anesthetized and immobilized adult cats, the dynamics of 83 on- and/or off-receptive fields (RF) was studied in 47 striate neurons with the method of temporal slices by mapping with single-flash stimuli. The latency of the RF appearance was 88 +/- 5 ms, and its duration was 192 +/- 12 ms. Dynamical wavy changes in the RF sizes and weights repeating up to three times were revealed.

[Receptive fields of detectors of bar and cross-like figures in classical and combined mapping].

Excitatory and inhibitory zones of receptive fields (RF) of detectors of cross-like figures and bars were studied in a primary visual cortex of cats under conditions of classical and combined mapping. Factor and correlation analysis demonstrated that detectors of bars and crosses differ in those interrelations, which are formed between the basic characteristics of neurons and their RF in each of group. The factor analysis of these connections showed that variables with the greatest weights, combined into the same factor, are different for different detectors.

[Overlapping of optical answers for cross-like figures and oriented bars in the cats primary visual cortex].

For the first time by the optical method the population activity of neurons in cat primary visual cortex was observed simultaneously for detectors participating in analysis of first-order (orientation) and second-order (line intersection) features. The maps for cross-like figures and oriented single bars were compared. The comparative analysis allowed us to estimate the degree of overlapping of the activated regions and parts of cortex that were free from overlap.

[Cultivated human hair follicle cells are capable of integrating to skin structure in vivo].

In the present study, human keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells were labeled to investigate their behaviour after intradermal transplantation. Cells were transduced by lentiviral vectors that bore marker gene encoding green fluorescent protein (copGFP) or red fluorescent protein (DsRed). A portion of transgene expressing cells was evaluated by flow cytometry.

Recognition of lateralized halftone and outline images of everyday objects in conditions of masking.

Recognition of the shapes of halftone and outline images of everyday objects in conditions of lateralized tachystoscopic presentation and different levels of noise masking (with "raindrops") by humans was studied. Mean group data for 15 subjects demonstrated significantly better recognition of outline images of everyday objects by the left hemisphere of the brain than the right at all levels of masking. Increases in masking produced gradual and significant degradation of recognition as compared with controls (recognition of unmasked figures).

[Caldesmon changes the structure of actin at the leading edge and suppresses cell migration].

The effect of the suppression of expression of the actin-binding protein caldesmon on the motility of nonmuscle cells has been studied. A more than fivefold decrease in the content of this protein in cells by RNA interference led to the disturbance of the formation of actin stress fibrils and acceleration of cell migration to the zone of injury of the monolayer. A stimulation of stationary cells by serum induced a more than 1.

Trajectories of shifting dipole sources of visual evoked potentials across the human brain.

Visual evoked potentials in response to images of a set of horizontal and vertical lines or crosses were recorded from the brains of 18 human subjects in 34 leads. Inverse EEG analyses were used for the dynamic location of the dipole current sources of the N1, P1, and N2 waves using a two-dipole spherical model with a 1-msec step. The occipital lobes of all subjects showed significant displacement of the dipoles of evoked potential waves along predominantly arc-shaped trajectories (75.

[Striate receptive fields mapped with single and bipartite stimuli].

In 22 acute experiments with anesthetized and immobilized adult cats, 364 maps of receptive fields (RF) of 47 striate neurons were obtained by means of single local stimuli flashed at different parts of the visual field, or with additional asynchronous activation of the RF excitatory center with oscillating bar of the optimal orientation. Under bipartite stimulation, considerable and significant decrease in the square and weight of the central excitatory RF zone was revealed in more then 75% of the studied cells. Additional excitatory zones appeared in 54% of cases, or the square and weight of the excitatory zones substantially increased, and inhibitory zones developed in 90% of cases.

[Spatial gradient of P300 area of the brain visual evoked potential in the brain-computer interface paradigm].

In 12 adult healthy subjects we studied Brain-Computer-Interface recognition of different intended letters by the square of P300 wave in the averaged VEP. Horizontal and vertical spatial gradient of this square was studied as well as tuning acuteness of visual attention to a significant letter. High acuteness of this tuning was found (width of the tuning curve at its half height was equal to 1.

[Recognition of halftone and contour figures under their lateralization and masking].

Recognition of shape of natural objects was studied during lateralized tachistoscopic presentation and different degree of noise-like ("rain drops") masking in 15 healthy subjects. Two sets of figures were used: halftone and contour ones. In all masking conditions, the mean group data showed a significantly better recognition of contour images by the left hemisphere as compared to the right hemisphere.

[Dipole tracing of visual evoked potentials in human brain].

3D tracing of equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) of averaged human visual evoked potentials (VEP) by their distribution across a 34-electrode array was obtained under short presentation of pattern-onset stimuli (sets of 45 horizontal, vertical bars or crosses). Using a 2-dipole spherical three-layer model, we dynamically (step of 1 ms) localized dipoles in four healthy subjects. Dipole locations were matched to anatomical brain regions visualized in structural MRI.

[Trajectories of shifting of dipole sources of visual evoked potentials over the human brain].

Dynamic study of 3D localization of the equivalent current dipole (ECD) sources of visual evoked potentials (EP) in the human brain was performed in 18 healthy subjects using a two-dipole model. Dipole tracing was performed for relatively early EP components (N1, P1, and N2) with 1-ms step. The analysis confirmed localization of these ECDs mainly in the right occipital cortex and revealed their successive shift over this area in the anterior-medial direction and then backwards in all subjects during generation of the EP components.

Neurophysiological and simulation studies of striate cortex receptive field maps: the role of intracortical interneuronal interactions.

Acute experiments on 27 adult anesthetized and immobilized cats investigated 101 on and off receptive fields in 67 neurons in visual cortex field 17 by mapping using single local stimuli presented sequentially at different parts of the visual field, as well as in combination with additional stimulation of the center of the receptive field. Both classical and combined mapping identified receptive fields with single receptive zones (63.4% and 29.

[Recognition of halftone, contour, and silhouette figures under conditions of their masking].

Shape recognition of natural objects was studied under conditions of tachistoscopic (12 ms) presentation and different degree of noise-like ("rain drops") masking in 15 healthy subjects. Three set of figures were used: halftone, contour and silhouette. For all sets of figures, mean group data reveal a drop of the correct response probability with increase in masking.

[Study of the letter and word recognition by the brain-computer-interface with P300 wave of human visual evoked potential].

In four adult healthy subjects in 18 experiments, we studied Brain-Computer-Interface recognition of different intended words by P300 wave in the VEP. The set of optimal characteristics of visual stimulation which rise reliability of recognition up to 100 %, as well as effective registration locus (Pz) were determined. It was found that the best processing criteria for letter recognition were: P300 square and superposition of all three criteria (P300 amplitude, square and covariation coefficient).

Characteristics of the responses of visual cortex neurons with sensitivity to bars or cross-shaped figures in cats.

The magnitudes and latent periods of spike responses were recorded from 280 individual neurons tuned to the orientation of light bars or cross-shaped figures in the primary visual cortex (field 17) of the cat. In control experimental conditions, half of 195 cells preferred the bar (first group), the remainder preferring crosses (second group); the responses of neurons of the first group to bars and crosses were of similar magnitude, while in the second group, responses to crosses were significantly larger than responses to bars. The latent periods of responses to optimal bars in the first group of neurons were shorter than those in the second group, and became longer on exposure to crosses, while latent periods in the second group were shorter on exposure to crosses.

[The area of the optically activated zones of cat area 17 under stimulation with grids of different orientation].

In acute experiments with 9 anesthetized and immobilized cats, the relative tangential square of the activated cortical columns in area 17 was mapped by the intrinsic optical signal under stimulation with grids of different orientation. We examined the "oblique effect", i.e.

[Neurophysiological and simulation study of the striate receptive fields maps: the role of intracortical interaction].

In 27 acute experiments with anesthetized and immobilized adult cats 101 maps of receptive field (RF) in 67 striate neurons were studied by means of mapping with single flashed stimuli presented in different parts of the visual field and under conditions of additional activation of the RF excitatory center by the local oscillating or flashing grid. Under conditions of both classical and combined modes of mapping, the RFs of the classical shape with a single excitatory zone (63.4 and 29.

[Human visual evoked potentials to bars and cross-like figures].

Temporal and amplitude characteristics of averaged visual evoked potentials to presentation of lines, corners and crosses with different orientation recorded in 19 adult healthy subjects were compared in 34 derivations. In all subjects, the latencies of P1, N2, and P3 were shorter while their amplitudes were higher for crosses than for lines. The effect of lengthening of P1 peak latency from occipital to temporal cortex was mostly pronounced for EPs to a bar, whereas as increase in the P1 amplitude was most evident for a cross-like figure.

[Responses of neurons in cat visual cortex with sensitivity to bar and cross-like figure].

In the cat primary visual cortex (area 17) the response magnitude and latency were studied in 280 neurons sensitive to bar or cross-like-figure. Under natural conditions half of the studied 195 cells preferred bar (first group) or cross (second group). In the first group responses to both figures were near equal, while in the second one cross evoked much stronger response.

Simulation studies of the role of intracortical inhibition in the formation of sensitivity to cross-shaped figures.

The receptive fields of detector neurons for cross-shaped figures in the visual cortex were modeled in conditions of blockade of intracortical inhibition. The tuning of simulated neurons was compared with and without inhibition in the receptive field. In a simulated detector with convergence from two orientation detectors, acute tuning to the cross widened in the absence of inhibition, becoming invariant to the shape and orientation of the cross.

The time course of disinhibition of visual cortex neurons and sensitivity to cross-shaped figures.

The relationship between the responses of 74 neurons in field 17 of the cat cortex to presentation of cross-shaped figures flashing in their receptive fields and the asynchronicity with which the lines of the figures were presented were investigated. The cross sensitivity of neurons was studied with simultaneous, leading, and delayed activation of the disinhibitory zone of the receptive field in relation to the time at which its major excitatory and end-stopping inhibitory zones were stimulated. Two types of temporal interaction were identified between the receptive field zones determining cross sensitivity.