[Primary sclerosing cholangitis: modern concepts].

This review deals with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) as a challenging problem in gastroenterology. Definition of PSC is presented, its putative pathogenetic and etiological factors, clinical symptoms, complications and concomitant disorders, methods of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics are described. Special attention is given to modern approaches to the treatment of the disease, dietoherapy, pharmacotherapy, auxiliary therapeutic modalities, indications for liver transplantation and its outcomes.

[Problems concerning diseases of internal organs (medico-biological aspect)].

This review considers the views of I.V. Davydovsky expounded in his book The Problems of Causality in Medicine.