[Various biochemical survival mechanisms in highly-resistant animals].

It was demonstrated in experiments on albino rats subjected to hypoxic hypoxia or hypothermia that highly-resistant animals, accounting for 30% of the population, survive much longer than animals with low and moderate resistance because extreme factors activate in them the system of peroxidase enzymes destroying the peroxides with the liberation of oxygen, which is then included in energy metabolism.

[Changes in lipid metabolism, oxygen balance and muscle ultrastructure in tetanus in an experiment].

Dogs and white rats with experimental tetanus were examined for blood plasma lipids and red cells, their acid resistance, oxygen balance, cytochrome oxidase and aspartate transaminase activity and muscle ultrastructure. The amount of blood plasma lipids was found to be increased, the lipid content in red cells was lowered because of phospholipid washing out. The red cell resistance was lowered, their sedimentation rate was accelerated.

[Test of the efficacy of low-molecular tetanus antitoxin].

Experiments on rabbits, white rats and mice with experimental tetanus intoxication were made to study and compare the efficacy of the tetanus antitoxin Diaferm-3 and its Fab'-fragments. Fab'-fragments were discovered to be more effective in the early stages of intoxication, when injected in fairly high doses and partially when administered intracarotidally. Intracisternal injection of the antitoxin Diaferm-3 appeared the most effective for the treatment of demonstrable intoxication.

[Biological properties of immunochemically pure tetanus antitoxin].

Immunochemically pure tetanus antitoxin obtained from enzyme-treated horse serum is less reactogenic and anaphylactogenic and possesses higher therapeutic properties than antitoxin purified by nonspecific physico-chemical methods and containing ballast antigens. Due to its increased persistence in the recipient's body, the immunochemically pure antitoxin induces passive immunity in considerably lower doses than the preparations purified by the method "Diaferm-3".

[Localization of Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the cardiac myocytes of white rats at the ultrastructural level].

The localization of Na+,K+-ATPase in cardiomyocytes of white rats at the ultrastructural level and the dependence of enzyme activeness on electronic density of structures, were studied. Na+,K+-ATPase activity was revealed in plasmalemma, Z-membranes and in nuclei. The enzyme activity is distributed discretely both within the tissue and within separate cells.

[Therapeutic effectiveness of tetanus antitoxins purified by nonspecific and immunochemical methods].

The treatment of experimental tetanus intoxication in 120 rabbits by the intrathecal injection of antitoxins revealed that the therapeutic effect was directly proportional to the dose of antitoxins, expressed in antitoxic units. The maximum effect (the survival rate 78.6%) was obtained by the injection of antitoxins purified on immunoadsorbents and containing no admixtures.

[Kanamycin deposition in the peritoneum as affected by dimexide].

The effect of dimexid (dimethylsulfoxide) on kanamycin absorption from the peritoneum was studied on normal albino rats with aseptic peritonitis. Contrary to the present opinion that the rate of various drug absorption into the blood increases under the effect of dimexid, it was shown that intraperitoneal administration of dimexid and kanamycin resulted in deposition of kanamycin in the peritoneum followed by its slow liberation into the blood channel. The concentration of kanamycin in the peritoneum increased 3--8 times under the effect of dimexid, thus prolonging its retention time by 10--13 hours.

[Effect of the sympatholytic pirroxan on catecholamine excretion in experimental tetanus].

Excretion of catecholamines and vanilylmandelic acid was studied in rabbits with tetanic intoxication. It was found that catecholamine excretion increases up to 173% in the initial stages of the disease and falls to 51% at the height of the disease whereas excretion of vanilylmandelic acid progressively decreases down to 40% against normal. Pirroxan (10 mg/kg a day) reduces excretion of catecholamines and vanilylmandelic acid by three times, concurrently producing a definite cholinolytic effect.

[Relationship between the routes of antitoxin administration and the effectiveness of treating experimental tetanus].

Experiments were conducted on 100 rabbits with asscending, hematogenic and cerebral tetanus caused by the administration of tetanus toxin (1 Dcl). The therapeutic efficacy of "Diaferm-3" antitoxin was compared depending on the route--intracysternal or intralumbar--of its administration (400 IU/kg). Intracysternal antitoxin administration proved to be thrice as effective as the intralumbar one (31.

[Use of acetylcholinesterase reactivators and central cholinolytics in the treatment of experimental tetanus poisoning].

Experiments were conducted on rabbits with tetanus intoxication induced by the intravenous injection of a lethal dose of the toxin; a study was made of the therapeutic efficacy of the acetylcholinesterase reactivators--dipyroxim and isonitrosine, and also of the central cholinolytics--amizyl and diphacyl. In dose of 25 mg/kg dipyroxim produced no therapeutic effect, and in doses of 30--40 mg/kg caused the animal death. Amizyl and diphacil in a dose of 3--4 mg/kg caused elimination of tonic convulsions for 1 1/2--2 hours.

[Several properties of low-molecular weight tetanus antitoxin].

Following intravenous injection of tetanus antitoxin, obtained by tryptic digestion of the horse immunoglobulin "Diaferm-3", purification and concentration of active fragments, the antitoxin was eliminated from the rabbit organism three times more rapidly than after the injection of the original "Diaferm-3" antitoxin. After injection of the split antitoxin its urinary excretion lasted up to 6 days, whereas following injection of the "Diaferm-3" antitoxin it was excreted for up to 19 days; in the first case considerably less antitoxin was excreted than in the second one (2 and 3.5%, respectively).