Diagnostic Ability of Quantitative Parameters of Whole-Body Bone SPECT/CT Using a Full-Ring 360° Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride Camera for Detecting Bone Metastasis in Patients with Prostate Cancer.

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic capability of quantitative parameters from whole-body bone single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in detecting bone metastases in prostate cancer patients; Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 82 prostate cancer patients who underwent staging bone scintigraphy with a full-ring 360° Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) SPECT/CT system. From the SPECT/CT images, we measured the maximum (SUVmax) and mean (SUVmean) standardized uptake values at six normal bone sites (skull, humerus, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, iliac bone, and femur), and the SUVmax for both metastatic and benign bone lesions. Ratios of lesion SUVmax-to-maximum and mean uptake values at the skull, humerus, and femur were computed for each lesion; Results: SUVmax and SUVmean at the skull and femur exhibited significantly lower variance compared to those at the thoracic spine, lumbar spine, and iliac bone, and revealed no significant differences between patients with and without bone metastasis.

Comparative analysis of hypofractionated short-course versus standard radiation therapy in elderly patients with glioblastoma: analysis of nationwide database.

Purpose: Hypofractionated short-course radiation therapy (SCRT) is an alternative treatment option for elderly or frail patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) post-surgery. This study compares survival outcomes and treatment costs between patients receiving SCRT and those undergoing standard long-course radiation therapy (LCRT).

Methods: This retrospective study utilized health insurance claims and national cancer registry data from Korea to compare overall survival (OS) and treatment costs between patients receiving SCRT and LCRT across all ages and sub-group analysis within the subgroup of cases aged 65 and older from 2016 onwards, a period when intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) was widely adopted.

Prognostic Significance of the Bone Marrow-to-Aorta Uptake Ratio on 2-Deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-d-glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma.

2-Deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) uptake of the reticuloendothelial system on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is known to be related to systemic inflammatory response to cancer cells in patients with diverse malignancies. This retrospective study aimed to investigate whether FDG uptake by the reticuloendothelial system had a prognostic value in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in 138 cholangiocarcinoma patients. Quantifying FDG uptake of the aorta, bone marrow (BM), liver, and spleen from staging FDG PET/CT images, we found significant correlations between the BM-to-aorta uptake ratio (BAR), spleen-to-aorta uptake ratio, and BM-to-liver uptake ratio with tumor stage and serum inflammatory markers.

Relationship of FDG PET/CT imaging features with tumor immune microenvironment and prognosis in colorectal cancer: a retrospective study.

Background: Imaging features of colorectal cancers on 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) have been considered to be affected by tumor characteristics and tumor immune microenvironment. However, the relationship between PET/CT imaging features and immune reactions in tumor tissue has not yet been fully evaluated. This study investigated the association of FDG PET/CT imaging features in the tumor, bone marrow, and spleen with immunohistochemical results of cancer tissue and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with colorectal cancer.

Prognostic Impact of Visceral Adipose Tissue Imaging Parameters in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma after Surgical Resection.

Visceral adiposity is known to be related to poor prognosis in patients with cholangiocarcinoma; however, the prognostic significance of the qualitative features of adipose tissue in cholangiocarcinoma has yet to be well defined. This study investigated the prognostic impact of adipose tissue imaging parameters reflecting the quantity and qualitative characteristics of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in 94 patients undergoing resection of cholangiocarcinoma. The area, mean computed tomography (CT) attenuation, and mean 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake of SAT and VAT on positron emission tomography (PET)/CT for staging work-up were measured, and the relationship of these adipose tissue imaging parameters with clinicopathological factors and survival was assessed.

Pathological phenotypes of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease.

Astrocytes are involved in various processes in the central nervous system (CNS). As the most abundant cell type in the CNS, astrocytes play an essential role in neuronal maintenance and support, synaptic activity, neuronal metabolism, and amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive and behavioral impairment.

Evaluating the Necessity of Adaptive RT and the Role of Deformable Image Registration in Lung Cancer with Different Pathologic Classifications.

Background: This study aimed to analyze differential radiotherapy (RT) responses according to the pathological type of lung cancer to see the possibility of applying adaptive radiotherapy (ART).

Methods: ART planning with resampled-computed tomography was conducted for a total of 30 patients (20 non-small-cell lung cancer patients and 10 small-cell lung cancer patients) using a deformable image registration technique to reveal gross tumor volume (GTV) changes according to the duration of RT.

Results: The small-cell lung cancer group demonstrated an average GTV reduction of 20.

TXNIP contributes to induction of pro-inflammatory phenotype and caspase-3 activation in astrocytes during Alzheimer's diseases.

Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are associated with neuronal death in AD. Astrocytes are linked to neuroinflammation during AD.

Quantitative Scintigraphy Imaging of Lingual Raynaud's Phenomenon Using 3-Dimensional-Ring Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography.

Perfusion scintigraphy with the acquisition of planar blood flow and pool images of bilateral hands has been used to aid diagnosis and to evaluate treatment response to Raynaud's phenomenon (decreased blood flow to hand or foot). However, because of the difficulty in imaging the tongue area with a conventional gamma camera, perfusion scintigraphy imaging of patients with lingual Raynaud's phenomenon has yet to be reported. Here, we report the case of a 59-year-old man with lingual Raynaud's phenomenon in which blood pool imaging of the tongue was performed using three-dimensional (3D)-ring cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT).

Staged Joint Arthrodesis in the Treatment of Severe Septic Ankle Arthritis Sequelae: A Case Report.

Septic ankle arthritis is a devastating clinical entity with high risks of morbidity and mortality. Prompt treatment is necessary because delayed or inadequate treatment can lead to irreversible damage that may occur on the articular surface, resulting in cartilage erosion, infective synovitis, osteomyelitis, joint deformity, and pain and joint dysfunction. An aggressive surgical approach is required when a joint infection causes severe limb-threatening arthritis.

Differential Diagnosis between Child Abuse and Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Child abuse is a major public health problem that can lead to critical consequences for the child and family. However, early identification of abuse may be difficult. An 8-month-old boy presented with extensive periosteal reaction in both upper and lower long bones.

NOX4 promotes ferroptosis of astrocytes by oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation via the impairment of mitochondrial metabolism in Alzheimer's diseases.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurotoxicity during AD. Impaired mitochondrial metabolism has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in brain damage of AD.

Elevated CLOCK and BMAL1 Contribute to the Impairment of Aerobic Glycolysis from Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease.

Altered glucose metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aerobic glycolysis from astrocytes is a critical metabolic pathway for brain energy metabolism. Disturbances of circadian rhythm have been associated with AD.

Recent Survey of Effective Doses of F-18 FDG Torso PET/CT in Korea and the Current Recommendations for CT Protocols of PET/CT.

Purpose: This study aimed to construct a database of the effective doses (ED) from F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) torso positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in Korea to provide data that supports the reduction of the CT dose of PET/CT and optimization of PET/CT protocols in Korea.

Methods: We investigated data of ED and CT parameters of FDG PET/CT. The data were analyzed by body weight groups.

KSNM/KSID/KOSHIC Guidance for Nuclear Medicine Department Against the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.

The dramatic spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has profound impacts on every continent and life. Due to human-to-human transmission of COVID-19, nuclear medicine staffs also cannot escape the risk of infection from workplaces. Every staff in the nuclear medicine department must prepare for and respond to COVID-19 pandemic which tailored to the characteristics of our profession.

NOX4 Deficiency Exacerbates the Impairment of Cystatin C-Dependent Hippocampal Neurogenesis by a Chronic High Fat Diet.

Hippocampal neurogenesis is linked with a cognitive process under a normal physiological condition including learning, memory, pattern separation, and cognitive flexibility. Hippocampal neurogenesis is altered by multiple factors such as the systemic metabolic changes. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) has been implicated in the regulation of brain function.

Decreased Glucose Utilization Contributes to Memory Impairment in Patients with Glufosinate Ammonium Intoxication.

The symptoms of glufosinate ammonium (GLA) intoxication include gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms, respiratory failure, and cardiovascular instability. Among these, neurologic symptoms including loss of consciousness, memory impairment, and seizure are characteristic of GLA poisoning. However, the mechanism of brain injury by GLA poisoning is still poorly understood.

Clinical application of dual-phase F-18 sodium-fluoride bone PET/CT for diagnosing surgical site infection following orthopedic surgery.

F-18 sodium-fluoride (NaF) bone positron emission tomography (PET/CT) has been used for diagnosing various bone and joint diseases, and, with using dual-phase scan protocol, it could give the same information obtained by the 3-phase bone scintigraphy. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of dual-phase F-18 NaF bone PET/CT in detecting surgical site infection after orthopedic surgery.Twenty-three patients who underwent dual-phase F-18 NaF bone PET/CT under clinical suspicion of surgical site infection of the bone following orthopedic surgery were enrolled in this study.

Inhibition of Human Neutrophil Elastase by Sesquiterpene Lactone Dimers from the Flowers of .

A new sesquiterpene lactone dimer , together with five known compounds , was isolated from the flowers of . The structures of these compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic studies and chemical evidence. The inhibitory activities of these isolated compounds against human neutrophil elastase (HNE) were also evaluated in vitro; compounds and exhibited significant inhibitory effects against HNE activity, with IC values of 8.

Prediction of postoperative lung function in lung cancer patients using perfusion scintigraphy.

Background: Predicting postoperative lung function is critical in lung cancer patients. Perfusion scintigraphy has been used to estimate postoperative function after lung resection.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the posterior oblique method in relation to other conventional processing methods for predicting postoperative lung function using lung perfusion scintigraphy.

Usefulness of metabolic activity of adipose tissue in FDG PET/CT of colorectal cancer.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between metabolic activity of adipose tissue on FDG PET/CT and prognosis in colorectal cancer.

Methods: A total of 176 colorectal cancer patients with curative surgical resection were retrospectively enrolled. Volume and metabolic activity of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) on FDG PET/CT images were measured.

The influence of adipose tissue volume can significantly affect the metabolic activity of reference organs in F-FDG PET/CT studies of a normal healthy population.

Objective: This study investigated whether fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) uptake of reference organs can be affected by subjects' factors in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in a healthy population.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 208 normal healthy subjects without diabetes or dyslipidemia were included. Adipose tissue volume was measured by CT images from a dedicated PET/CT scan.

The clinical significance of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy findings in patients with rhabdomyolysis.

Objective: This study evaluated the relationship between bone scintigraphy finding and clinical factors and assessed the prognostic value of bone scintigraphy finding in patients with rhabdomyolysis.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 143 patients with rhabdomyolysis who had undergone bone scintigraphy. Bone scintigraphy was classified into three groups: no or equivocal soft tissue uptake, a localized uptake, and a diffuse uptake.