The impact of increased computer screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of upper part of musculoskeletal diseases among health personnel.

Health personnel who played a key role in the fight against the pandemic stayed during it burdened with increased working time using a computer. We analyzed the impact of increased computer working time during the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of the upper part of musculoskeletal diseases among health personnel. The study group consisted of 418 health personnel, divided according to the time they worked at the computer during the pandemic: up to 2 h a day, from 3 to 5 h a day, and more than 6 h a day.

Kappa opioid receptor mediated operant performance in male and female rats.

Anhedonia and avolition are emotions frequently endorsed by individuals with stress related disorders. Kappa opioid receptor (KOR) activation can induce negative emotions and recent clinical evidence suggests that KOR antagonism can alleviate anhedonia in a transdiagnostic cohort of patients. However, the behavioral consequences of KOR activation and antagonism in modulating motivation, as assessed by schedule-controlled behavioral performance without preexisting conditions (stress or substance use), have not been formally assessed.

Evaluating the Accuracy of Upper Limb Movement in the Sagittal Plane among Computer Users during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

(1) Background: The most common musculoskeletal pathology among healthcare professionals is neck and/or shoulder pain. The aim of this study was to determine the dominant upper limb functionality concerning the ability to replicate a given movement pattern among employees reporting neck or upper limb pain while using a computer during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Methods: The study was conducted from March to April 2021 on a group of 45 medical employees who used a computer workstation for 4 to 6 h of their working time.

The Use of the ICF Classification Sheet to Assess Cognitive-Behavioral Disorders and Verbal Communication in Patients after Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke during Rehabilitation.

In patients after experiencing stroke, the cognitive-behavioral deficits and disorders of verbal communication limit the effectiveness of rehabilitation. The key is to diagnose them at an early stage of rehabilitation and to implement appropriate psychological and speech therapy. Identify differences in the frequency and effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral disorder therapy depending on the clinical type of stroke, assessed before and after rehabilitation treatment, and their presentation using the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health) classification.

Antimicrobial Stewardship in Total Joint Arthroplasty: Outcomes of a Collaborative Program Implementation.

Introduction: Antimicrobial stewardship has been cited as a crucial component of orthopaedic surgical care; however, limited high-quality data exist to guide antibiotic use across the total joint arthroplasty continuum. Antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) implementation and evaluation is needed in this space.

Methods: We pursued a prospective, sequential cohort study of an interprofessional ASP for total joint arthroplasty (TJA) formed in late 2017 at the study institution.

(2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) reverses mechanical hypersensitivity in a model of localized inflammatory pain.

The ketamine metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, or (2R,6R)-HNK, was recently reported to evoke antinociception in response to a noxious thermal stimulus in healthy mice and reverse mechanical hypersensitivity in a murine model of neuropathic pain. This study reports the behavioral effects of (2R,6R)-HNK in male and female C57BL/6J mice exposed to a localized inflammatory pain condition and the broad pharmacological mechanism underlying this effect. Hind paw intraplantar injection of λ-carrageenan (CARR) caused inflammation and mechanical hypersensitivity in mice within 2 h, lasting at least 48 h.

Buprenorphine as a Treatment for Major Depression and Opioid Use Disorder.

Rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) are disproportionally high in subjects with opioid use disorder (OUD) relative to the general population. MDD is often more severe in OUD patients, leading to compliance issues with maintenance therapies and poor outcomes. A growing body of literature suggests that endogenous opioid system dysregulation may play a role in the emergence of MDD.

Antinociceptive and Analgesic Effects of (2,6)-Hydroxynorketamine.

Commonly used pain therapeutics, such as opioid medications, exert dangerous side effects and lack effectiveness in treating some types of pain. Ketamine is also used to treat pain, but side effects limit its widespread use. (2,6)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) is a ketamine metabolite that potentially shares some beneficial behavioral effects of its parent drug without causing significant side effects.

Mediation of the behavioral effects of ketamine and (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in mice by kappa opioid receptors.

Emerging evidence has implicated the endogenous opioid system in mediating ketamine's antidepressant activity in subjects with major depressive disorder. To date, mu opioid receptors have been suggested as the primary opioid receptor of interest. However, this hypothesis relies primarily on observations that the opioid antagonist naltrexone blocked the effects of ketamine in humans and rodents.

Assessment of CVD Risk Factors in Secondary Prevention after Ischemic Stroke Using the ICF.

Background: Patients after undergoing ischemic stroke have a high risk of further cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidents. Monitoring risk factors is critical to prevent the recurrence of CVD. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine differences in the incidence of risk factors for CVD in a post-ischemic stroke patient group (SG) compared to the control group, which had not undergone ischemic stroke (CG), and to characterize them using the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) classification system.

Long-term increase in sensitivity to ketamine's behavioral effects in mice exposed to mild blast induced traumatic brain injury.

Neurobehavioral deficits emerge in nearly 50% of patients following a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and may persist for months. Ketamine is used frequently as an anesthetic/analgesic and for management of persistent psychiatric complications. Although ketamine may produce beneficial effects in patients with a history of TBI, differential sensitivity to its impairing effects could make the therapeutic use of ketamine in TBI patients unsafe.

Risk Factors for the Recurrence of CVD Incidents in Post-Stroke Patients over a 5-Year Follow-Up Period Based on the ICF Classification.

Stroke is a strong risk factor for recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidents. The risk of post-stroke CVD incidents can be reduced by eliminating the most relevant risk factors. The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of recurrent CVD events and to determine the quantitative and qualitative differences in CVD risk factors over the 5-year follow-up period in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and haemorrhagic stroke (ICH) with the use of ICF classification categories to present these differences.

The Use of Samsung Health and ECG M-Trace Base II Applications for the Assessment of Exercise Tolerance in the Secondary Prevention in Patients after Ischemic Stroke.

: The aim of the study was to use the mobile application Samsung Health for the assessment of parameters of exercise tolerance and the ECG (electrocardiogram) M-Trace Base II for the assessment of cardiological parameters. : The measurements were conducted during rest and after performing SMWT (Six Minute Walk Test) and SCT (Stair Climb Test) in 26 patients after ischemic stroke (IS) and 26 healthy individuals. : In the SMWT, the post-stroke group (SG) walked a shorter distance ( < 0.

Translational relevance of fear conditioning in rodent models of mild traumatic brain injury.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) increases the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military populations. Utilizing translationally relevant animal models is imperative for establishing a platform to delineate neurobehavioral deficits common to clinical PTSD that emerge in the months to years following mTBI. Such platforms are required to facilitate preclinical development of novel therapeutics.

The ICF Classification as a Simple Tool to Aid in the Assessment of Healthcare Services in a Non-COVID-19 Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the operation of medical facilities. In this period, they have seen increased absence of medical staff from work, a decrease in the number of hospitalizations and in the value of healthcare services provided. We assess the impact of this pandemic on the operation of a non-COVID-19 orthopedic and rehabilitation hospital using International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) categories.

The ICF Classification System to Assess Risk Factors for CVD in Secondary Prevention after Ischemic Stroke and Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Patients with a history of prior stroke have a high risk for subsequent cardiovascular events (CVD). Therefore, the implementation of an effective strategy to reduce risk factors and thereby improve secondary prevention outcomes is crucial in this patient population. The aim of this study was to determine differences in the incidence of risk factors for recurrent CVD events based on clinical type of prior stroke and to characterize them using the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) classification system.

Kappa Opioid Receptors in the Pathology and Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder.

The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) is thought to regulate neural systems associated with anhedonia and aversion and mediate negative affective states that are associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, but especially major depressive disorder (MDD). Largely because KOR antagonists mitigate the effects of stress in preclinical studies, KOR antagonists have been recommended as novel drugs for treating MDD. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of KORs and its endogenous ligand dynorphins (DYNs) in the pathology and treatment of MDD derived from different types of clinical studies.

The kappa opioid receptor antagonist aticaprant reverses behavioral effects from unpredictable chronic mild stress in male mice.

Rationale: Major depressive disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is likely precipitated by chronic stress. Although many antidepressants are currently available, these drugs require weeks to months of daily administration before reduction of symptoms occurs and many patients remain treatment-resistant despite several courses of treatment. There is a pressing need for new treatments for stress-related disorders.

Vendor differences in anxiety-like behaviors in female and male Sprague Dawley rats.

Although Sprague Dawley outbred rats are commonly used in behavioral, physiological, and pharmacological studies, dramatic differences in responses may emerge from rats obtained from different suppliers even when sex, age, and environmental conditions are maintained constant. In the present study, we compared behavioral responses on three tests related to anxiety of Sprague Dawley female and male rats obtained from three different vendors in the United States: Charles River, Envigo, and Taconic. All rats were tested in the open field, light-dark box, and elevated zero maze.

Sex differences in the modulation of mouse nest building behavior by kappa opioid receptor signaling.

Emerging evidence suggests that females are less sensitive than males to the effects of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) ligands across multiple behavioral measures. The effects of the KOR agonist U50,488 and the KOR antagonist aticaprant were assessed on nest building behavior, an ethologically relevant indicator of overall well-being and affect, in adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. Females required a higher dose of U50,488 to suppress nesting, and a higher dose of aticaprant to restore U50,488-induced impairment of nesting.

Clinical Pharmacist Service Associated With Improved Outcomes and Cost Savings in Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Background: Institutions providing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) procedures are subject to substantial outcomes reporting, including those influencing payment for services. Although clinical pharmacists are well-poised to add value, a comprehensive approach to optimizing pharmacotherapy across the care continuum for TJA patients has not been described.

Methods: This prospective, interventional, sequential cohort study was approved by our Institutional Review Board.

Behavioral effects of the kappa opioid receptor partial agonist nalmefene in tests relevant to depression.

Compounds with high affinity at kappa and mu opioid receptors may have clinical utility in treating major depressive disorder. Nalmefene (NMF) is a partial kappa opioid receptor agonist and potent mu opioid receptor antagonist, but there has been no preclinical evaluation of NMF in rodent tests relevant to depression and anxiety. To address this, the effects of NMF on neurochemical and behavioral endpoints in C57BL/6J mice were examined and contrasted with a structurally related analog, naltrexone (NTX).

Kappa Opioid Receptor Antagonists as Potential Therapeutics for Stress-Related Disorders.

Exposure to stressful stimuli activates kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling, a process known to produce aversion and dysphoria in humans and other species. This endogenous opioid system is dysregulated in stress-related disorders, specifically in major depressive disorder (MDD). These findings serve as the foundation for a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of KOR antagonists as novel antidepressants.