Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Sinonasal Region and Temporal Bone Diagnosed After Recurrences: A Report of Two Patients.

squamous cell carcinoma is a recently recognized entity characterized by a non-viral-related non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with chromosomal rearrangement between on 6p22.3 and on Xq28. This neoplasm is associated with an aggressive clinical behavior, particularly regarding local recurrences and distant metastases even with its deceptively bland histomorphology.

The impact of neoadjuvant therapy in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer: an international multicenter study.

Purpose: To assess the association between neoadjuvant therapy and overall survival (OS) in patients with left-sided resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) compared to upfront surgery.

Background: Left-sided pancreatic cancer is associated with worse OS compared to right-sided pancreatic cancer. Although neoadjuvant therapy is currently seen as not effective in patients with RPC, current randomized trials included mostly patients with right-sided RPC.

Two Decades Since the Unequal Treatment Report: The State of Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Elective Total Hip and Knee Replacement Use.

Published in 2003 by the Institute of Medicine, Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care placed an unprecedented spotlight on disparities in the U.S. health-care system.

Failure of colonization following gut microbiota transfer exacerbates DSS-induced colitis.

To study the impact of differing specific pathogen-free gut microbiomes (GMs) on a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease, selected GMs were transferred using embryo transfer (ET), cross-fostering (CF), and co-housing (CH). Prior work showed that the GM transfer method and the microbial composition of donor and recipient GMs can influence microbial colonization and disease phenotypes in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. When a low richness GM was transferred to a recipient with a high richness GM via CH, the donor GM failed to successfully colonize, and a more severe disease phenotype resulted when compared to ET or CF, where colonization was successful.

Optimizing automated photo identification for population assessments.

Several legal acts mandate that management agencies regularly assess biological populations. For species with distinct markings, these assessments can be conducted noninvasively via capture-recapture and photographic identification (photo-ID), which involves processing considerable quantities of photographic data. To ease this burden, agencies increasingly rely on automated identification (ID) algorithms.

Ultrasound and blind endometrial sampling for detection of endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (diagnostic). The objectives are as follows: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of endometrial sampling with histology in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding and thickened endometrium on ultrasound. Diagnosis will be verified by the reference standards, hysteroscopy with histology, obtained by targeted (such as grasp biopsy of the endometrium or resection of focal pathology) or global sampling (with dilation and curettage), and histology of hysterectomy specimens.

Expressing Sexuality in Silent and Weep: Experience of Chinese People With Intellectual Disabilities and Parents.

Background: Sexual well-being significantly impacts the overall quality of life for individuals with and without intellectual disabilities. Notably, parents play a pivotal role in influencing their children's sexual development, and their attitudes towards this topic are shaped by Chinese sociocultural values.

Methods: This study employed Interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore the experiences and attitudes of five individuals with intellectual disabilities and seven parents/caregivers regarding the sexual needs of their adult offspring with intellectual disabilities.

Quantifying Additional Procedures in Functionally Single-Ventricle Disease: A National Cohort Study.

Background: Given their importance as a metric for health care evaluation, this study's aim was to evaluate the rates of surgical and catheter reinterventions for children with functionally single-ventricle (f-SV) congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing staged palliation.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective cohort study of children born with f-SV CHD between 2000 and 2018 in England and Wales, using the national registry, with survival ascertained in 2020. Competing risk analysis was used to describe the incidence of additional procedures that occurred first, during follow-up, accounting for competing events of death or transplantation.

An eco-physiological model of forest photosynthesis and transpiration under combined nitrogen and water limitation.

Although the separate effects of water and nitrogen (N) limitations on forest growth are well known, the question of how to predict their combined effects remains a challenge for modeling of climate change impacts on forests. Here, we address this challenge by developing a new eco-physiological model that accounts for plasticity in stomatal conductance and leaf N concentration. Based on optimality principle, our model determines stomatal conductance and leaf N concentration by balancing carbon uptake maximization, hydraulic risk and cost of maintaining photosynthetic capacity.

Mental imagery for addressing mechanisms underlying motor impairments in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit various degrees of motor and cognitive impairments in fine and gross motor skills. These impairments impact social functioning, while also hindering academic achievement, self-esteem, and participation. Specifically, motor impairments are not fully addressed by current therapies.

What are the important risk factors for excessive daytime sleepiness in a population-based cohort?

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common complaint in the general population and is associated with cardiovascular disease and increased mortality. We aimed to investigate whether sleep duration is related to excessive daytime sleepiness in the general population, both in itself and in combination with other factors. We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) cohort (n = 27,976; 14,436 females; aged 50-64 years) to assess how sleep-related factors along with anthropometric, lifestyle, socioeconomic factors as well as somatic disease and psychological distress, were related with EDS assessed by the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS).

Activity of the mammalian DNA transposon piggyBat from Myotis lucifugus is restricted by its own transposon ends.

Members of the piggyBac superfamily of DNA transposons are widely distributed in host genomes ranging from insects to mammals. The human genome has retained five piggyBac-derived genes as domesticated elements although they are no longer mobile. Here, we have investigated the transposition properties of piggyBat from Myotis lucifugus, the only known active mammalian DNA transposon, and show that its low activity in human cells is due to subterminal inhibitory DNA sequences.

Impact of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related indices in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and overweight/obesity.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception up to May 2024.

Engineering Protein Dynamics through Mutational Energy Landscape Traps.

Protein dynamics is essential for various biological processes, influencing functions such as enzyme activity, molecular recognition, and signal transduction. However, traditional protein engineering methods often focus on static structures, lacking tools to precisely manipulate dynamic behaviors. Here, we developed Mutational Energy Landscape Trap (MELT), a novel method designed to control protein dynamics by combining Normal Mode Analysis (NMA) and mutagenesis.

Low Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Farmed and Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer in Florida.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in multiple animal species, including white-tailed deer (WTD), raising concerns about zoonotic transmission, particularly in environments with frequent human interactions. To understand how human exposure influences SARS-CoV-2 infection in WTD, we compared infection and exposure prevalence between farmed and free-ranging deer populations in Florida. We also examined the timing and viral variants in WTD relative to those in Florida's human population.

Improving Object Detection for Time-Lapse Imagery Using Temporal Features in Wildlife Monitoring.

Monitoring animal populations is crucial for assessing the health of ecosystems. Traditional methods, which require extensive fieldwork, are increasingly being supplemented by time-lapse camera-trap imagery combined with an automatic analysis of the image data. The latter usually involves some object detector aimed at detecting relevant targets (commonly animals) in each image, followed by some postprocessing to gather activity and population data.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Structural characterization of two γδ TCR/CD3 complexes.

The T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex plays an essential role in the immune response and is a key player in cancer immunotherapies. There are two classes of TCR/CD3 complexes, defined by their TCR chain usage (αβ or γδ). Recently reported structures have revealed the organization of the αβ TCR/CD3 complex, but similar studies regarding the γδ TCR/CD3 complex have lagged behind.

Colorectal Cancer Screening and Social Needs.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. While patient-reported barriers have been previously described, few studies have analyzed how patients' social needs affect screening rates.

Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 3,443 Kaiser Permanente (KP) patients ages 50 to 75 years who completed the 2020 KP National Social Needs Survey.

Diagnostic accuracy of prehospital ultrasound in detecting lung injury in patients with trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Ultrasound is now readily available in the prehospital setting and its use has been highlighted as one of the top research priorities in prehospital care. Clinical examination remains the standard care for diagnosing lung injury in the prehospital setting, yet this can be challenging and has poor diagnostic accuracy. This review evaluates the accuracy of prehospital ultrasound for the diagnoses of pneumothorax, haemothorax and pulmonary contusions in patients with trauma.

Families of adults with idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy: psychosocial impact and contribution to symptom management.

Study Objectives: This study examined the impact of central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH) on family members of adult patients, the ways family members assist with managing CDH, and family members' utilization and satisfaction with information and support.

Methods: Participants were adults (N=100) with an adult family member diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy. They completed a survey which included the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16), checklists, satisfaction ratings, and open-response questions.

Bioinspired design of DNA in aqueous ionic liquid media for sustainable packaging of horseradish peroxidase under biotic stress.

We show that a combination of DNA and ionic liquid significantly increases the stability and activity of HRP and achieves a 4.8-fold higher peroxidase activity than PBS buffer. Also, HRP retains 84% of its activity in IL+DNA compared to 24% in PBS against trypsin digestion.

Symmetry Engineering in a 2D Transition Metal Enables Reconfigurable P- and N-Type FETs.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metals enable the elimination of metal-induced gap states and Fermi-level pinning in field-effect transistors (FETs), offering an advantage over conventional metal contacts. However, transition metal substrates typically exhibit nonoriented behaviors, leading to the inability to achieve monolingual responses with P- or N-type semiconductors. Here we devise symmetry engineering in an oxidized architectural MXene, termed OXene, which implements the exploiting and coupling of additional out-of-plane electron conduction and built-in polar structures.

Efficacy and safety of surgical management for Rathke's cleft cysts in pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) are benign, cystic lesions that account for less than 5% of cases in the pediatric population. While asymptomatic RCCs often require only conservative management, symptomatic cases may necessitate surgical intervention. Advances in surgical techniques have improved the safety of these procedures.

Improved methodology for tracing a pulse of 13C-labelled tree photosynthate carbon to ectomycorrhizal roots, other soil biota and soil processes in the field.

Isotopic pulse-labelling of photosynthate allows tracing of carbon (C) from tree canopies to belowground biota and calculations of its turnover in roots and recipient soil microorganisms. A high concentration of label is desirable, but is difficult to achieve in field studies of intact ecosystem patches with trees. Moreover, root systems of trees overlap considerably in most forests, which requires a large labelled area to minimize the impact of C allocated belowground by un-labelled trees.