Floridanema gen. nov. (Aerosakkonemataceae, Aerosakkonematales ord. nov., Cyanobacteria) from benthic tropical and subtropical fresh waters, with the description of four new species.

Cyanobacteria exhibit a vast diversity from polar to tropical environments. Though much work has been done on elucidating their biodiversity, knowledge on the occurrence, diversity and toxicity of benthic cyanobacteria is limited when compared to the planktonic forms. Integrating molecular techniques with ecological and morphological analyses has become essential in untangling cyanobacterial diversity, particularly for benthic taxa such as the cryptic "Lyngbya.

Novel diversity within Roseofilum (Desertifilaceae, Cyanobacteria) from marine benthic mats with description of four new species.

Benthic cyanobacterial mats (BCMs) are natural phenomena in marine environments. Reports of BCMs occurring across coastal marine environments have increased, partly driven by nutrient loading and climate change; thus, there is a need to understand the diversity involved in the proliferations and potential toxicity of the BCMs. Furthermore, marine cyanobacterial mats are observed growing on and affecting the health of corals with one specific cyanobacterial genus, Roseofilum, dominating the microbial mats associated with black band disease (BBD), a destructive polymicrobial disease that affects corals.

Co-occurrence of marine and freshwater phycotoxins in oysters, and analysis of possible predictors for management.

Oysters () were screened for 12 phycotoxins over two years in nearshore waters to collect baseline phycotoxin data and to determine prevalence of phycotoxin co-occurrence in the commercially and ecologically-relevant species. Trace to low concentrations of azaspiracid-1 and -2 (AZA1, AZA2), domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid (OA), and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were detected, orders of magnitude below seafood safety action levels. Microcystins (MCs), MC-RR and MC-YR, were also found in oysters (maximum: 7.

Diversity of bioactive compound content across 71 genera of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial cyanobacteria.

Cyanobacterial blooms have increased in frequency, distribution, and intensity due to climate change and anthropogenic nutrient input. The release of bioactive compounds accumulated in these blooms can affect the health of humans and the environment. The co-occurrence of bioactive metabolites is well-documented in bloom samples from marine and freshwater ecosystems, with fewer reports from unialgal isolates.

Iningainema tapete sp. nov. (Scytonemataceae, Cyanobacteria) from greenhouses in central Florida (USA) produces two types of nodularin with biosynthetic potential for microcystin-LR and anabaenopeptin production.

Iningainema is a recently described genus of heterocytous, false-branching cyanobacteria originally described from Australia. In this work, we present Iningainema tapete sp. nov.

The Influence of Bacteria on the Growth, Lipid Production, and Extracellular Metabolite Accumulation by Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae).

To examine the impact of heterotrophic bacteria on microalgal physiology, we co-cultured the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum with six bacterial strains to quantify bacteria-mediated differences in algal biomass, total intracellular lipids, and for a subset, extracellular metabolite accumulation. A Marinobacter isolate significantly increased algal cell concentrations, dry biomass, and lipid content compared to axenic algal cultures. Two other bacterial strains from the Bacteroidetes order, of the genera Algoriphagus and Muricauda, significantly lowered P.

Preliminary Assessment of Microbial Community Structure of Wind-Tidal Flats in the Laguna Madre, Texas, USA.

Aside from two samples collected nearly 50 years ago, little is known about the microbial composition of wind tidal flats in the hypersaline Laguna Madre, Texas. These mats account for ~42% of the lagoon's area. These microbial communities were sampled at four locations that historically had mats in the Laguna Madre, including Laguna Madre Field Station (LMFS), Nighthawk Bay (NH), and two locations in Kenedy Ranch (KRN and KRS).

Cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites-A review of their chemistry and biology.

Cyanobacterial blooms occur when algal densities exceed baseline population concentrations. Cyanobacteria can produce a large number of secondary metabolites. Odorous metabolites affect the smell and flavor of aquatic animals, whereas bioactive metabolites cause a range of lethal and sub-lethal effects in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, including humans.

Draft Genome Sequences of 42 Environmental Vibrio vulnificus Strains Isolated from the Northern Gulf of Mexico.

is a Gram-negative bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen that can cause septicemia or necrotizing fasciitis. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 42 environmental strains collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico. These data will allow for more robust comparisons between clinical and environmental strains.

Cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites-A review of their chemistry and biology.

Cyanobacterial blooms occur when algal densities exceed baseline population concentrations. Cyanobacteria can produce a large number of secondary metabolites. Odorous metabolites affect the smell and flavor of aquatic animals, whereas bioactive metabolites cause a range of lethal and sub-lethal effects in plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, including humans.

Odorella benthonica gen. & sp. nov. (Pleurocapsales, Cyanobacteria): an odor and prolific toxin producer isolated from a California aqueduct.

Pleurocapsales are one of the least understood groups of cyanobacteria in terms of molecular systematics and biochemistry. Considering the high number of cryptic taxa within the Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales, it is likely that such taxa also occur in the Pleurocapsales. The new genus described in our research is the first known pleurocapsalean cryptic taxon.

Succession and toxicity of Microcystis and Anabaena (Dolichospermum) blooms are controlled by nutrient-dependent allelopathic interactions.

Microcystis and Anabaena (Dolichospermum) are among the most toxic cyanobacterial genera and often succeed each other during harmful algal blooms. The role allelopathy plays in the succession of these genera is not fully understood. The allelopathic interactions of six strains of Microcystis and Anabaena under different nutrient conditions in co-culture and in culture-filtrate experiments were investigated.

GREEN TREE FROG ( HYLA CINEREA) AND GROUND SQUIRREL ( XEROSPERMOPHILUS SPILOSOMA) MORTALITY ATTRIBUTED TO INLAND BREVETOXIN TRANSPORT AT PADRE ISLAND NATIONAL SEASHORE, TEXAS, USA, 2015.

:  On 16 September 2015, a red tide ( Karenia brevis) bloom impacted coastal areas of Padre Island National Seashore Park, Texas, US. Two days later and about 0.9 km inland, 30-40 adult green tree frogs ( Hyla cinerea) were found dead after displaying tremors, weakness, labored breathing, and other signs of neurologic impairment.

Euglenophycin is produced in at least six species of euglenoid algae and six of seven strains of Euglena sanguinea.

Euglena sanguinea is known to produce the alkaloid toxin euglenophycin and is known to cause fish kills and inhibit mammalian tissue and microalgal culture growth. An analysis of over 30 species of euglenoids for accumulation of euglenophycin identified six additional species producing the toxin; and six of the seven E. sanguinea strains produced the toxin.

Identification of a new-to-science cyanobacterium, Toxifilum mysidocida gen. nov. & sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Cyanophyceae).

Cyanobacteria occupy many niches within terrestrial, planktonic, and benthic habitats. The diversity of habitats colonized, similarity of morphology, and phenotypic plasticity all contribute to the difficulty of cyanobacterial identification. An unknown marine filamentous cyanobacterium was isolated from an aquatic animal rearing facility having mysid mortality events.