Visualization of Bloch surface waves and directional propagation effects on one-dimensional photonic crystal substrate.

This paper reports a novel approach to the direct observation of Bloch surface waves, wherein a layer of fluorescent material is deposited directly on the surface of a semi-infinite periodic layered cell. A set of surface nano-gratings is used to couple pumping light to Bloch surface waves, while the sample is rotated until the pumping light meets the quasi-phase matching conditions. This study investigated the directional propagation of waves on stripe and circular one-dimensional grating structures by analyzing the dispersion relationship of the first two eigen modes.

The SCA17 phenotype can include features of MSA-C, PSP and cognitive impairment.

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) 17 is a dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by ataxia, cognitive decline, dystonia, and parkinsonism. The disease is caused by unstable cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide expansion mutation coding for polyglutamine tracts in the TATA box-binding protein (TBP), a general transcription initiation factor. Herein, we report a SCA17 case with a phenotype not previously reported, which consisted of progressive ataxia, autonomic dysfunction, parkinsonism, supranuclear palsy and cognitive impairment.