Attenuation of Tubular Injury and Renal Fibrosis by TI-HU-YIN via Reduction in Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Expression in Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Mice.

TI-HU-YIN (JCKD), a compound composed of many Chinese herbs, is hypothesized to attenuate renal tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, its renoprotective effects were assessed in animal and in vitro studies. First, male C57BL/6 mice were under sham operation or unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) surgery, and then treated with phosphate buffer solution (PBS), aliskirin and valsartan (A+V), and JCKD for 14 days.

Inter-session reliability of the measurement of the deep and superficial layer of lumbar multifidus in young asymptomatic people and patients with low back pain using ultrasonography.

Study Design: Reliability study.

Objective: To investigate the inter-session reliability of measuring the thickness of deep (dMF) and superficial layer of lumbar multifidus (sMF) using ultrasonography for participants with and without low back pain (LBP).

Background: The lumbar multifidus is an important muscle in maintaining spinal stability.